一项新研究揭示，澳大利亚太平洋劳工流动（PALM）计划中的女性移工面临深层次的系统性虐待。1该计划目前覆盖超过32,000名移工，但这些女性因被绑定到特定雇主而处于极端脆弱状态——她们的法律居留权取决于雇主的满意度。1研究表明，女性移工报告遭受性侵犯、性胁迫和工作场所剥削，其中家庭暴力受害者因无独立收入和无法获得社会服务而面临无家可归的风险。1
除了在澳大利亚的移工外，这一结构性问题还波及留在国内的家属。1东帝汶女性配偶因伴侣的经济遗弃而陷入困境，一些人表示"几乎一年了，他没有寄钱"。1鉴于汇款是东帝汶国内生产总值的第二大贡献来源，这种远程经济控制造成了跨境的广泛社会冲击。1
研究团队提出了多项改革建议以改善这一状况。1这些建议包括允许移工自由更换雇主、获得免费社会服务，以及为遭受性别暴力的女性建立专项安全网支付机制。1
Research has revealed systemic abuse and exploitation affecting women migrant workers in Australia's Pacific Labour Mobility (PALM) scheme.1 The scheme currently employs more than 32,000 migrant workers,1 many of whom face severe vulnerabilities due to their employment arrangements.
Women workers in the program report experiencing sexual assault, sexual coercion, and workplace exploitation.1 A key structural issue is that migrant workers are bound to their employers, with their legal residency depending on employer satisfaction.1 This arrangement leaves women domestic violence survivors without income and unable to access social services, facing homelessness as a result.1 Meanwhile, female partners left behind in Timor-Leste have reported abandoned financial support, with one describing a situation where "for almost a year, he has not sent money."1 Remittances represent the second-largest contribution to Timor-Leste's gross domestic product,1 making these breakdowns in financial support particularly consequential for families relying on such transfers.
The research team has called for immediate reforms to the PALM scheme, including allowing workers free movement between employers, providing access to free social and health services, and establishing targeted safety net payments for women who have experienced gender-based violence.1
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