澳大利亚研究发现，随着疫苗接种率提高和既往感染免疫普遍，COVID抗病毒药物Paxlovid和Lagevrio的实际效果低于疫情初期的报告水平1。在已接种人群的随机对照试验中，这两种药物均未显示显著减少重症风险的证据1。
早期报告中，Paxlovid曾声称减少重症率89%，Lagevrio则为30%1。然而，最新的元分析表明，Paxlovid在观察性研究中与40%的住院减少率和67%的死亡减少率相关，而Lagevrio则无显著关联1。在已审查的8项随机对照试验中，大多数于疫苗推广前进行，其中两项在已接种人群中的试验均未报告任何药物减少严重不良事件1。
澳大利亚政府在2022至2025年期间投入超过20亿澳元用于这两种药物1。2025年澳大利亚报告186,000例COVID病例和2,227例相关死亡，其中四分之三的死亡发生在80岁以上人群1。澳大利亚药品福利咨询委员会定于2026年晚些时候对COVID抗病毒药物进行审查1。
Australian research has revealed that COVID-19 antiviral medications Paxlovid and Lagevrio are proving less effective than originally demonstrated during the early stages of the pandemic 1. As vaccination rates have increased and prior infection immunity has become widespread, the clinical benefits of these treatments have diminished considerably 1.
Early trials reported substantial efficacy rates, with Paxlovid showing an 89% reduction in severe illness risk and Lagevrio demonstrating a 30% reduction 1. However, randomized controlled trials conducted among vaccinated populations have failed to demonstrate significant evidence that either drug reduces the risk of severe outcomes 1. Of eight randomized controlled trials examined, most were conducted before widespread vaccination; the two trials specifically involving vaccinated populations reported no reduction in serious adverse events from either medication 1.
An analysis of observational studies found that Paxlovid was associated with a 40% reduction in hospitalizations and a 67% reduction in deaths, while Lagevrio showed no significant association with these outcomes 1. Despite these mixed results, the Australian government spent more than 2 billion Australian dollars on Paxlovid and Lagevrio between 2022 and 2025 1. In 2025 alone, Australia reported 186,000 COVID cases and 2,227 COVID-related deaths, with approximately three-quarters of deaths occurring in people over 80 years old 1. The Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee is scheduled to review COVID antiviral medications later in 2026 1.
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