关于西班牙与摩洛哥边境即将开放的网络谣言，引发了一场大规模移民潮。约6万摩洛哥人在数天内涌入西班牙飞地休达，这是多年来两国间最大的移民冲击事件[1]。这场混乱中至少72人死于西班牙一侧边境，11人丧生于摩洛哥一侧，死亡原因包括溺水和踩踏事故[1]。事后，大多数幸存移民随即返回摩洛哥[1]。
谣言的源头与西班牙总理桑切斯的移民政策被错误解读密切相关。桑切斯推出的移民合法化措施仅适用于2023年1月1日前已在西班牙的人员，但这一政策被误读为对所有新来者开放[1]。摩洛哥内政部指责了"数字领域的剥削"和"虚假信息传播"[1]，而西班牙内政部则声称未收到任何关于大规模人员抵达休达的报告或警告[1]。
当地的经济困境也推高了移民的动力。摩洛哥15至24岁青年的失业率达到37%，大学毕业生的失业率接近20%[1]。
Misinformation circulating online claiming the Spain-Morocco border would open sparked a dramatic influx of approximately 60,000 Moroccan migrants into the Spanish enclave of Ceuta over several days, marking one of the largest migration surges between the two nations in years.[1] The chaos resulted in at least 80 deaths, comprising 72 fatalities on the Spanish side of the border and 11 on the Moroccan side, with victims succumbing to drowning and crushing incidents during the rush.[1] Most of the migrants who survived subsequently returned to Morocco.[1]
The false narrative appears to have stemmed from misinterpretation of Spanish Prime Minister Sanchez's legalization initiative for migrants, which only applied to individuals already present in Spain before January 1, 2023, but was mistakenly understood as extending to all newcomers.[1] Morocco's Interior Ministry attributed the surge to "exploitation in the digital sphere" and the "spread of false information,"[1] while Spain's Interior Ministry claimed it had received no reports or warnings of the massive arrival beforehand.[1] The migration episode reflects underlying economic pressures, with youth unemployment in Morocco reaching 37 percent among those aged 15 to 24 and university graduates facing a jobless rate near 20 percent.[1]