美国联邦官员宣布科罗拉多河减水措施应对严重干旱

美国联邦官员宣布了未来两年针对科罗拉多河流域的大幅减水计划。1加州、内华达州和亚利桑那州需要集体每年减少125万英亩英尺的水使用量，其中亚利桑那州面临最大幅度的削减。1同时，根据美墨条约，墨西哥也将减少25万英亩英尺的进水量。1相比之下，上游的科罗拉多州、犹他州、怀俄明州和新墨西哥州暂时不受影响。1

这一举措是为了应对该地区长达26年的持续干旱和水库枯竭危机。1米德湖和鲍威尔湖这两座美国最大的水库已经达到近70年来的最低蓄水量，去年冬季该流域更是创造了历史最低积雪纪录。1内务部水科学助理秘书Andrea Travnicek指出："我们已经经历了26年的长期干旱期。"1

当前的应急规则将在10月到期，但七个州尚未就长期水资源分享方案达成共识。1亚利桑那州水资源主任Tom Buschatzke认为该计划将为2027和2028年提供"实质性稳定性"。1加州科罗拉多河谈判官JB Hamby则表示，该计划是"一座桥梁，而非永久解决方案"。1

U.S. federal officials have announced significant water reductions for the next two years affecting three western states dependent on the Colorado River 1. California, Nevada, and Arizona will collectively reduce annual water consumption by 1.25 million acre-feet 1, with Arizona facing the largest proportional cuts. Under an agreement tied to a U.S.-Mexico treaty, Mexico will also reduce its water intake by 250,000 acre-feet annually 1.

The cutbacks respond to a persistent drought spanning 26 years and critical water storage levels across the region 1. The two largest reservoirs in the United States—Lake Mead and Lake Powell—have reached their lowest levels in nearly 70 years 1. Last winter brought historically low snowfall to the Colorado River basin 1. The current allocation rules expire in October, and the seven states sharing the river have failed to reach consensus on a long-term water-sharing arrangement 1.

Upper basin states—Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, and New Mexico—face no immediate reductions under this plan 1. Andrea Travnicek, Assistant Secretary for Water and Science at the Department of Interior, acknowledged the severity of the situation, stating, "We have already experienced a 26-year drought period" 1. Arizona's water director, Tom Buschatzke, characterized the plan as providing "substantial stability" for 2027 and 2028 1. California's Colorado River negotiator, JB Hamby, called the arrangement "a bridge, not a permanent solution" 1.