刚果民主共和国政府与卢旺达支持的M23叛军集团在瑞士经过多日谈判后，就一份和平路线图达成协议12。该路线图以2025年11月在多哈签署的框架协议为基础2，明确了后续谈判的步骤与时间表2。双方同意在这一框架下继续推进全面和平与冲突解决的谈判1。美国国务院、非洲联盟委员会、瑞士和卡塔尔共同参与了调解工作12。
根据协议，双方建立了停火监督机制1，联合国维和部队将支持停火观察团的工作2。首次核查任务定于周一在南基伍省明贝姆韦地区进行1。然而，在对M23实施制裁、被拘留者释放和政治改革的时间表等问题上，双方仍存在分歧1。
这场冲突自2022年初开始，造成严重的人道主义后果2。2025年1月，M23占领了刚果东部地区，包括戈马和两个机场1。冲突已导致数千人丧生，数十万平民被迫离开家园1。卢旺达声称刚果民主共和国未能解散民主力量解放卢旺达（FDLR）武装组织1，而刚果民主共和国否认支持FDLR，反而指控卢旺达用军队和武器支持M231。
The Democratic Republic of Congo and the Rwanda-backed M23 rebel group have reached agreement on a roadmap for peace talks following negotiations in Switzerland.12 The talks, which took place in Geneva over several days, brought together the two parties along with mediators from the United States, the African Union, Qatar, Switzerland, and Togo.1
Under the new roadmap, both sides have committed to pursuing comprehensive peace and conflict resolution negotiations within a framework previously agreed upon.1 A ceasefire monitoring mechanism has been established, with the first verification mission scheduled to take place on Monday in the Minbemwe area of South Kivu province.1 The United Nations peacekeeping force will support the work of the ceasefire observation team.2 However, significant disagreements remain over the imposition of sanctions on M23, the release of detainees, and the timeline for political reforms.1
The conflict has taken a severe humanitarian toll, with thousands of civilians killed and hundreds of thousands forced to flee their homes.12 In January 2025, M23 seized control of major portions of eastern Congo, including the city of Goma and two airports.1 Rwanda has accused the Democratic Republic of Congo of failing to disband the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), an armed group operating in the region, while the Congo government denies supporting FDLR and accuses Rwanda of using its military and weapons to back M23.1
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