美国移民和海关执法局（ICE）在2025年大幅扩大DNA采集规模。根据乔治城法律中心隐私和技术研究中心的估计，ICE可能在2025年向FBI的CODIS犯罪DNA数据库添加约92万份遗传档案[1]。这一扩张涵盖了移民羁押者，其中包括未成年儿童，引发了关于第四修正案隐私权和司法程序的质疑[1]。
采集范围之广引人关注。美国海关和边境保护局的记录显示，在2025年1月至2026年1月期间，492名14岁以下儿童的DNA被提交给FBI，其中包括33名7岁儿童、32名6岁儿童和21名5岁儿童[1]。美国众议院代表华金·卡斯特罗、格雷格·斯坦顿和纳内特·巴拉甘表示："Dilley的所有家庭都没有被控犯罪。他们不应该出现在为暴力犯罪者设立的数据库中，尤其是儿童"[1]。
这一政策的扩展源于2020年的法律变化。美国司法部在2020年消除了对国土安全部的豁免后，ICE随即发布Directive 10092.1，要求对几乎所有被羁押者采集DNA[1]。拒绝提供DNA样本已被列为联邦犯罪，WIRED确认了2025年至少两起针对移民羁押者的起诉案件[1]。根据2021年的ICE培训材料，该机构当时不知道有任何拒绝提供DNA的案件被检察机关接受起诉[1]。
The U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency dramatically expanded its DNA collection efforts in 2025, submitting approximately 920,000 genetic profiles to the FBI's Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) database, according to estimates from Georgetown Law's Center on Privacy and Technology [1]. This expansion targeted immigration detainees, encompassing minors, and has raised concerns about Fourth Amendment privacy protections and due process rights [1].
The scope of the collection reveals troubling details about the youngest individuals affected. Between January 2025 and January 2026, U.S. Customs and Border Protection records documented DNA samples from 492 children aged 14 and under submitted to the FBI, including 33 seven-year-olds, 32 six-year-olds, and 21 five-year-olds [1]. The CODIS "detainee" subindex grew to approximately 3.3 million profiles by December 2025, reflecting an annual increase of roughly 995,000 samples [1].
The acceleration traces to 2020, when the Department of Justice eliminated an exemption that had previously applied to the Department of Homeland Security, prompting ICE to issue Directive 10092.1 requiring DNA collection from nearly all detainees [1]. Refusal to provide a DNA sample has been prosecuted as a federal crime, with WIRED confirming at least two such prosecutions against immigration detainees in 2025 [1]. Congressional representatives Joaquin Castro, Greg Stanton, and Nanette Barragán challenged the practice, stating: "All of the families at Dilley have not been accused of any crime. They should not appear in a database created for violent criminals, especially children" [1].