古巴指控美国制裁阻碍其经济改革开放

古巴驻联合国大使埃内斯托·索贝龙·古斯曼指出，美国制裁正在阻止古巴吸引私人投资、开放经济的努力1。他在质问美国国务卿鲁比奥时表示："如果你认为古巴政府能力不足，为什么几乎每两周就要实施新制裁？"1

古巴政府已实施大幅度经济改革。古巴总统迪亚斯-卡内尔于6月宣布重大改革举措，包括扩大私人企业空间、设立私人银行和允许海外古巴人投资1。根据官方说法，过去8个月实施的商业、经济和金融改革超过自1959年革命以来的总和1。与此同时，美国特朗普政府每两周宣布新制裁1，并于1月对古巴实施石油禁运，在数十年禁运基础上进一步加码1。

美国国务院回应称将继续每两周宣布新制裁，以阻止古巴"在每个机制中制造的逃生阀"1。鲁比奥称古巴是"失败国家"，其领导人"不知道他们在做什么"且"不知道如何修复经济"1。美国-古巴贸易经济委员会主席表示，改革的成功需要古巴通过监管落实相关政策声明，同时需要美国允许企业获得更多市场准入1。

Cuba's ambassador to the United Nations, Ernesto Soberon Guzman, has accused the United States of using economic sanctions to obstruct the island nation's efforts to attract private investment and open its economy 1. The Cuban government has launched significant economic reforms designed to encourage private sector participation, yet faces intensified American pressure through sanctions announced roughly every two weeks 1.

During diplomatic exchanges, the Cuban ambassador challenged Secretary of State Marco Rubio directly, asking: "If you think the Cuban government is incapable, why almost every two weeks implement new sanctions?" 1 In response, the State Department indicated it would continue announcing new sanctions every two weeks to prevent Cuba from creating "escape valves in every mechanism" 1. The US imposed a new oil embargo on Cuba in January, adding to decades of existing restrictions 1.

Cuba's economic liberalization efforts have accelerated dramatically. President Miguel Diaz-Canel announced major reforms in June that include expanded private enterprise zones, private banking, and investment opportunities for overseas Cubans 1. According to Cuban officials, the commercial, economic, and financial reforms implemented over the past eight months exceed the total number of reforms undertaken since the 1959 revolution 1.

However, experts note that while American pressure has paradoxically pushed Cuba toward faster economic liberalization, the sanctions simultaneously restrict the resources and market access necessary for these reforms to succeed 1. The head of the US-Cuba Trade and Economic Council stated that reforms require Cuba to implement announced policies through regulation, and that the US must grant enterprises greater market access 1. Rubio dismissed Cuba as a "failed state" with leaders who "don't know what they're doing" and "don't know how to fix the economy" 1.