国家网信办近日发布了《中华人民共和国反网络暴力法(征求意见稿)》，这是我国首部针对网络暴力的专门性法律[1]。征求意见稿首次明确界定了网络暴力的概念，指其为通过网络对个人、组织集中或持续实施的侵害名誉权、荣誉权、隐私权、肖像权、个人信息等合法权益的活动[1]。具体表现包括集中发布侮辱谩骂、造谣诽谤、煽动仇恨、挑动对立、威逼胁迫、歧视偏见等内容，以及违法集中发布他人个人信息和持续进行网络恐吓、网络骚扰等行为[1]。
网络暴力对受害者的心理创伤不容忽视。北京回龙观医院精神科医师林中小路指出，网暴受害者常见的心理问题包括创伤后应激障碍，部分人群会进一步发展为重度抑郁症，甚至出现自残、自杀倾向[1]。对此，专家建议受害者采取三步维权策略：首先紧急固定证据，其次通知平台采取删除、屏蔽等措施，第三步则通过报警、民事侵权诉讼、刑事自诉等途径进行追责[1]。
China's Cyberspace Administration has unveiled the first specialized legal framework addressing online harassment, marking a significant step in the country's efforts to regulate digital conduct.[1] The draft law explicitly defines online harassment as concentrated or sustained attacks on individuals or organizations through digital platforms that infringe upon rights including reputation, honor, privacy, likeness, and personal information.[1]
The draft legislation identifies several forms of prohibited conduct, encompassing coordinated distribution of insulting language, defamation, incitement to hatred, deliberate divisiveness, threats, coercion, discriminatory remarks, and unlawful publication of personal data, as well as persistent online intimidation and harassment.[1] According to Dr. Lin Zhongxiaolu, a psychiatrist at Beijing Hui Long Guan Hospital, victims of online harassment frequently suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with some developing severe depression accompanied by self-harm or suicidal ideation.[1]
Experts recommend a three-step approach for victims seeking redress.[1] The process begins with immediately documenting evidence of the harassment, followed by notifying the platform to remove or block the offending content, and concluding with formal accountability measures through police reports, civil litigation for damages, or criminal prosecution.[1]