欧洲今年夏季自5月以来遭遇五波热浪袭击，造成创纪录高温、干旱、野火和数万人超额死亡1。英国8月13日伦敦西部气温高达38.1摄氏度，创该国有记录以来第五高的气温1。6月下旬欧洲单周因高温热浪导致的死亡人数超过1.6万人1。欧洲每年因高温相关原因导致的超额死亡人数约在5万至6万之间1。
极端高温已成为欧洲最致命的天气灾害之一，严重冲击基础设施、能源、农业和人类健康1。莱茵河、泰晤士河、多瑙河水位已降到自20世纪90年代以来的最低水平1。欧盟哥白尼气候变化服务局副主任萨曼莎·伯吉斯指出，气候变化是这一现象的主要原因而非厄尔尼诺现象1。全球平均气温已比工业化前水平高出约1.4摄氏度，逼近《巴黎协定》设定的1.5摄氏度目标1。伯吉斯表示，2026年可能成为有记录以来最热的三年之一，而2027年很可能成为最热的一年1。
伯吉斯强调"气候变化现在已深入每个人的意识"，政策制定者必须认识到"没有时间可以浪费"1。COP31将于11月在土耳其举行1。
Europe endured five successive heat waves throughout the summer of 2026, starting in May, with devastating consequences across the continent 1. In mid-August, temperatures in western London reached 38.1 degrees Celsius on August 13, marking the fifth-highest temperature ever recorded in the United Kingdom 1. The extreme heat has transformed into one of Europe's deadliest weather disasters, claiming over 16,000 lives in a single week in late June alone 1, while annual excess deaths attributable to high temperatures typically range between 50,000 and 60,000 across the continent 1.
The catastrophic conditions extended far beyond human casualties. Major European waterways including the Rhine, Thames, and Danube rivers have fallen to their lowest water levels since the 1990s 1, while widespread droughts and wildfires have compounded agricultural and infrastructure challenges across the region. According to Samantha Burgess, deputy director of the EU's Copernicus Climate Change Service, climate change—rather than the El Niño phenomenon—is the primary driver behind these extreme conditions 1. She emphasized that "climate change has now penetrated every person's consciousness," warning that policymakers must recognize "there is no time to waste" 1.
The outlook remains grim for the near future. Global average temperatures have already risen approximately 1.4 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, approaching the 1.5-degree threshold established by the Paris Agreement 1. Burgess noted that 2026 is likely to rank among the three hottest years on record, with 2027 very possibly becoming the warmest year ever recorded 1. The upcoming COP31 conference will convene in Turkey in November to address these mounting climate challenges 1.
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