以色列国防军决定不对2024年4月造成澳大利亚援助工作者Zomi Frankcom及其他6名同事死亡的World Central Kitchen车队空袭事件进行刑事调查1。该调查发现存在"严重操作失误"但未发现"合理刑事犯罪嫌疑"1。澳大利亚总理Anthony Albanese称这一决定"令人愤怒"1。
以色列国防军自身的调查体系中问责机制长期低效。根据人权组织Yesh Din的分析，2019年至2020年间，针对以色列国防军人员的投诉中有72%未经刑事调查，仅2%导致起诉1。在2023年至2025年期间的52起以色列军事调查中，88%仍在审查中或已关闭，仅1起导致以色列士兵被判监禁1。人权观察组织指责以色列国防军的调查"不公正、不彻底、不及时"1。
以色列国防军在3月发布的内部调查报告中，仅对Hind Rajab儿童案和救援人员死亡案推荐进行刑事调查1。其中，5岁女童Hind Rajab及其家人在2024年1月逃离加沙城时遭枪击，以色列国防军承认开火，试图救援的救护车也被炮击1。2025年3月，15名巴勒斯坦人包括护理人员和医疗人员遭杀害，以色列军队炮击的三辆车辆随后被确认为救护车、消防车和联合国车辆1。根据以色列军事法，在战争中的行为合法性须基于"合理指挥官"在扣动扳机时的认知标准1。
The Israeli Defense Forces' decision not to pursue criminal charges in the April 2024 airstrike that killed Australian aid worker Zomi Frankcom and six colleagues has drawn sharp criticism from Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, who called the move "infuriating."1 The March 2025 internal investigation concluded that the strike involved "serious operational failures" but found no "reasonable criminal suspicion," leading to renewed questions about the military's capacity to hold itself accountable.1
The pattern of limited accountability extends beyond this single incident. According to analysis by Yesh Din, 72% of complaints filed against Israeli Defense Force personnel between 2019 and 2020 did not proceed to criminal investigation, with only 2% resulting in prosecution.1 Among 52 military investigations conducted between 2023 and 2025, 88% remain under review or have been closed, and only one resulted in an Israeli soldier being imprisoned.1 Human Rights Watch has characterized the military's investigation process as "unfair, incomplete, and untimely."1
The internal review did recommend criminal investigations into two other cases: the January 2024 death of five-year-old Hind Rajab and her family, who were shot while fleeing Gaza City, and a March 2025 incident in which 15 Palestinians including healthcare workers were killed when the military fired on three vehicles later confirmed to be an ambulance, fire truck, and United Nations vehicle.1 Under Israeli military law, the legality of actions taken during conflict is determined by the standard of what a "reasonable commander" would have known at the moment of engagement.1
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