澳大利亚参议院通过争议性NDIS改革法案

澳大利亚工党与反对党联盟达成政治交易，澳大利亚参议院于周二晚间以28票赞成、12票反对的结果通过了国家残障保险计划（NDIS）改革法案2。这项改革将引入新的功能能力测试取代现有诊断模式，政府声称此举将在未来四年内节省约380亿澳元12。改革方案预计将导致数十万人被移出该计划或无法加入，其中社交和社区参与支持将削减一半1。

为化解社区关切，政府在最后关头推出了63项临时修正案2。根据修正后的方案，重度残疾人现可对NDIS部长的资金决定提出上诉2。与此同时，州和地区将从2028年1月起负责提供替代支持，获得50亿澳元的五年承诺1。政府同步推出针对患有轻度至中度自闭症和发育迟延儿童的Thriving Kids项目，资金规模为40亿澳元1。

残障倡导人士对改革表示忧虑。倡导者Megan Spindler-Smith表示："支持需求在资金削减或支持移除时不会消失，它们只会被推给其他系统或其他人，这意味着隔离"1。卫生部长Mark Butler则为改革辩护，称"这个计划使该计划重回正轨，我有信心将其保护几十年"1。NDIS部长詹妮·麦卡利斯特表示将加强针对欺骗性获得资金等行为的处罚2。

Australia's Senate has passed sweeping reforms to the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) following a last-minute political deal between the Labor government and the opposition Coalition.2 The legislation passed on Tuesday evening with 28 votes in favor and 12 against.2 The reforms introduce new functional capacity assessments to replace the current diagnostic approach and are expected to save approximately AUD 3.78 billion over the next four years.2 However, analysis from the Grattan Institute suggests that hundreds of thousands of people will be removed from the scheme or prevented from joining.1

The government incorporated 63 amendments into the final legislation in response to community concerns, including provisions allowing people with severe disabilities to appeal funding decisions made by the NDIS Minister.2 Support for social and community participation will be reduced by half under the reforms.1 Beginning in January 2028, states and territories will assume responsibility for providing alternative support services, backed by a AUD 5 billion five-year commitment from the federal government.1 Additionally, the Thriving Kids program will receive AUD 4 billion in funding to support children with mild to moderate autism and developmental delays.1

Disability advocates have expressed serious concerns about the changes. Megan Spindler-Smith stated: "Support needs don't disappear when funding is cut or support is removed—they simply get pushed to other systems or other people, which means isolation."1 NDIS Minister Jenny McCallister indicated that the reforms would strengthen penalties against fraudulent access to NDIS funding.2 Health Minister Mark Butler defended the reforms, saying: "This plan puts the plan back on track, and I'm confident it will protect it for decades to come."1 The NDIS currently costs AUD 50 billion annually and is projected to reach AUD 100 billion within ten years without reform.1