欧洲央行行长Christine Lagarde在世界经济论坛上指出，支撑欧洲战后增长的三大支柱正在衰退1。这三大支柱分别是全球贸易扩张、中等技术制造优势和稳定的全球秩序1。Lagarde强调，欧洲贸易开放度约为美国的两倍1，但全球贸易保护主义日趋加剧——去年全球实施了超过2500项贸易限制1。与此同时，中国在与欧元区竞争的产业中的占比从2000年代初的25%上升到近40%1。
能源成本差距进一步压低了欧洲的竞争力1。去年欧盟能源密集型产业的电力价格平均比美国高两倍，比中国高约50%1。虽然欧元区去年经济增长1.5%，完全由国内需求驱动1，但投资动力不足。欧元区企业预计今年将平均9%的总投资分配给人工智能1，而创业生态面临严峻挑战——欧盟规模创业公司第十年的筹资额比旧金山同类公司少约50%1，约12%的欧盟创业公司已迁出欧盟，主要流向美国1。
尽管面临困难，Lagarde强调欧洲仍具备长期增长潜力1。欧盟人口占全球6%但研究人员占15%，产出全球近五分之一最高被引用的科学出版物1。为抓住这一优势，欧盟领导人呼吁在2026年底前就市场一体化方案达成协议1，通过整合单一市场和资本市场来实现增长1。
European Central Bank President Christine Lagarde addressed the global economic outlook at the World Economic Forum, highlighting mounting pressures on the continent's post-war growth model. 1 She identified three traditional pillars supporting European expansion—global trade expansion, competitive advantage in mid-range manufacturing, and a stable international order—as all facing significant decline. 1
Trade dynamics have shifted sharply against Europe, which remains roughly twice as open as the United States in trade intensity. 1 The global economy saw over 2,500 trade restrictions implemented last year, 1 while competitive pressures have intensified as sectors where China now competes with the eurozone have grown from approximately 25% in the early 2000s to nearly 40% today. 1 Energy costs further disadvantage European industry, with electricity prices for power-intensive sectors averaging twice those in the United States and roughly 50% higher than in China last year. 1
Despite these headwinds, the eurozone maintained economic growth of 1.5% last year, wholly driven by domestic demand, 1 with quarterly growth reaching 0.4% in the second quarter of 2026. 1 Lagarde underscored Europe's remaining strengths and untapped potential for long-term expansion through deepening single market integration and capital market development. 1 European companies plan to allocate an average of 9% of total investment to artificial intelligence this year, 1 though startups face funding challenges—those in the European Union raise approximately 50% less capital by their tenth year compared to counterparts in Silicon Valley. 1 About 12% of EU startups have already relocated, predominantly to the United States. 1
Europe retains significant research capabilities, with its population representing 6% of the global total yet producing 15% of researchers and generating nearly one-fifth of the world's most-cited scientific publications. 1 EU leaders have called for an agreement on market integration measures by the end of 2026. 1
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