劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室与罗切斯特大学的研究人员利用激光驱动动态压缩技术，在美国罗切斯特大学激光能源实验室Omega激光设施进行了一项突破性实验1。研究人员首次用X射线衍射直接测量了金刚石在超高压条件下的熔融行为，压强达到地心压强的3倍，超过海王星和天王星中心的压强1。
这项研究解决了困扰科学界约20年的温度测量偏差问题1。新测得的金刚石熔融温度与计算机模拟结果接近完美匹配，消除了原有超过1000度的温度测量偏差1。实验证实了金刚石在整个过程中保持其晶体结构直至发生熔融，不存在中间晶相转变阶段，直接熔融为液态碳1。
这一发现具有多方面的科学意义。研究成果为惯性约束聚变研究带来了新的机遇，可能将能量增益提高三倍1。同时，精确的熔融数据为冰巨星内部物理模型的建立提供了更坚实的基础1。
Researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have achieved a breakthrough in understanding diamond's behavior under extreme conditions by subjecting the material to pressures exceeding those found in the cores of Neptune and Uranus.1 Using laser-driven dynamic compression experiments conducted at the Omega Laser Facility at the University of Rochester, the team made the first direct X-ray diffraction measurements of diamond's melting behavior at ultra-high pressure.1
The new measurements revealed that diamond melts directly into liquid carbon without intermediate crystal phases occurring during the transition.1 Significantly, the experimentally determined melting temperature aligned nearly perfectly with computer simulations, finally resolving a temperature discrepancy that had persisted for approximately 20 years—a gap that previously exceeded 1,000 degrees.1 The pressures achieved in the experiments reached three times the pressure at Earth's center, substantially surpassing the internal pressures of ice giants.1
Beyond resolving this longstanding scientific puzzle, the findings carry practical implications for energy research.1 The improved accuracy of diamond's phase behavior could potentially enable a threefold increase in energy gain from inertial confinement fusion experiments.1 Additionally, the results provide a more reliable foundation for modeling the internal structures of ice giant planets.1
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