亚利桑那州立大学研究团队发表研究成果，对长期主导进化生物学领域的一个经典理论提出质疑。1该理论在过去60年间认为，半倍体遗传系统是蚂蚁、蜜蜂和黄蜂进化出复杂社会组织（真社性）的关键因素。1然而，通过分析近69000个昆虫物种，研究人员发现遗传系统单独无法解释这一现象。1
论文第一作者Sachin Suresh来自亚利桑那州立大学生命科学学院。1他表示："当我们正式检验时，我们发现遗传决定系统和真社性之间没有真正的关联，这更多与环保因素和昆虫的生活史特征有关。"1
研究表明，除了尾部膜翅目外，半倍体昆虫进化出真社性的速率与双倍体昆虫相似。1研究团队指出，刺针、特殊筑巢行为等生物特征可能比遗传系统更重要。1这项研究已发表在《当代生物学》2026年第36卷第15期。1
A research team at Arizona State University has challenged a long-standing evolutionary biology theory by analyzing nearly 69,000 insect species.1 The theory, which has been discussed for approximately 60 years, proposed that haplodiploidy—a genetic system where males develop from unfertilized eggs and females from fertilized ones—was the key driver enabling ants, bees, and wasps to evolve complex social organization, known as eusociality.1
The new findings, published in Current Biology Volume 36, Issue 15 in 2026, suggest that the genetic system alone cannot explain the emergence of eusociality.1 "When we formally tested it, we found there was no real association between the genetic determination system and eusociality; it was more related to environmental factors and the life history characteristics of insects," said Sachin Suresh, lead author of the study and researcher at Arizona State University's School of Life Sciences.1 The research indicates that outside one particular lineage of Hymenoptera, haplodiploid insects evolved eusociality at rates similar to diploid insects.1 Instead of genetics alone, biological traits such as stinging capability and specialized nesting behaviors may be more important in determining whether insects develop complex social structures.1
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