地质氢气正在成为能源领域的新方向。与依赖化石燃料制造氢气不同，这种氢气通过自然地质过程在地下天然产生，已在非洲、亚洲、欧洲、澳洲和北美等多个地区被发现 1。美国地质调查局发布了美国境内氢气前景分布图 1，为开发者指明了潜在的资源位置。
美国中西部的中陆裂谷地带成为开发重点 1。这条地质构造从堪萨斯州延伸至密歇根州，约10亿年前由地壳撕裂形成 1。在这一区域，HyTerra公司在内布拉斯加州和堪萨斯州发现的氢气浓度高达96% 1。加拿大安大略省北部的一处矿场研究也表明，该地每个钻孔每年可释放8公斤氢气，该矿场共有超过14,000个钻孔 1。
多家公司正在推进商业化开发。Koloma公司总融资超过4亿美元 1，Vema Hydrogen公司则计划在2028年启动大规模生产 1。一些公司还在探索通过刺激地质反应来促进氢气生成的方法 1。然而，氢气的运输和储存仍是待解决的重大技术问题 1。
Natural hydrogen produced through geological processes, rather than derived from fossil fuels, is being explored as a significant energy resource across North America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia.1 The U.S. Geological Survey has released a map identifying hydrogen prospects within the United States, highlighting regions with commercial potential for this naturally occurring resource.1
The Mid-Continent Rift, a geological formation extending from Kansas to Michigan that formed approximately one billion years ago when the Earth's crust fractured, has become a focus of exploration activity.1 HyTerra has identified hydrogen concentrations as high as 96 percent in deposits located in Nebraska and Kansas,1 while a mining operation in northern Ontario, Canada has demonstrated the continuous release of eight kilograms of hydrogen annually from each wellbore across more than 14,000 boreholes at the site.1 Koloma, one of the leading companies in this sector, has raised over $400 million in total funding,1 and Vema Hydrogen plans to commence large-scale production operations by 2028.1
Despite these promising discoveries, significant technical challenges remain unresolved. Transportation and storage of hydrogen represent major hurdles to commercialization,1 and alternative production methods such as electrolysis and carbon capture face barriers due to their high costs.1
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