欧盟流通中的钞票数量持续攀升，从2016年的1000亿欧元增长至2026年6月的1600亿欧元1。流通中的钞票总张数也从2019年疫情前的2400万张增至超过3100万张1。这一增长趋势与民众对战争、野火和网络攻击等危机日益加深的担忧密切相关1。
对此，欧盟多个成员国已向居民发出建议。奥地利、芬兰、德国、瑞典和荷兰等国都建议人们储备70至100欧元的现金作为应急准备1。2025年欧盟进一步建议居民为应急情况储备72小时的食物、水和生活必需品1。其中，面值50欧元的纸币在2025年最受欢迎，其次是100欧元纸币1。
欧洲央行首席经济学家菲利普·莱恩指出，这反映了一个看似矛盾的现象："钞票总存量在继续增长。在交易中，钞票数量在下降，但从库存来看在增加。"1这表明虽然日常消费中现金使用率下降，但家庭现金储备反而在增加。
Cash circulation in the European Union has surged as residents stockpile banknotes amid mounting concerns over geopolitical and environmental threats. 1 The volume of banknotes in circulation has grown from €100 billion in 2016 to €160 billion as of June 2026, while the number of notes in circulation has increased from 24 million before the pandemic in 2019 to over 31 million. 1 This expansion reflects a paradoxical trend: as cash usage in everyday transactions continues to decline, households are simultaneously accumulating larger reserves of physical currency for emergency purposes.
Responding to these anxieties, authorities across multiple EU member states have issued explicit recommendations for citizens to maintain emergency cash supplies. 1 Austria, Finland, Germany, Sweden, and the Netherlands have advised residents to keep between €70 and €100 in cash on hand. 1 The €50 banknote has emerged as the most popular denomination in 2025, followed by the €100 note. 1
European Central Bank Chief Economist Philip Lane acknowledged this unusual dynamic, stating: "The total stock of banknotes is continuing to grow. In transactions, the quantity of banknotes is falling, but from a stock perspective it is increasing." 1 Concerns about cyber-attacks have also contributed to cash demand, underscored by incidents such as the 2024 cyber-attack on Marks and Spencer that disrupted online orders for several weeks. 1
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