纳粹德国在二战期间对欧洲罗姆人和辛提人进行了大规模屠杀，造成约50万人丧生1。其中最为惨烈的事件发生在1944年8月2-3日晚间，奥斯维辛-比克瑙集中营中数千名罗姆人被送入毒气室遇难1。德国历经数十年才正式承认这一历史罪行，并在2015年欧洲议会的宣布下，将8月2日确立为欧洲罗姆人和辛提人大屠杀纪念日1。
东欧各国随后相继建立了对这一历史的官方纪念机制1。波兰自2011年起、捷克自2015年起、斯洛伐克和匈牙利自2005年起，均在8月2日举行纪念活动1。罗马尼亚、克罗地亚、北马其顿等国也分别从2020年、2014年、2017年开始官方纪念1。
除了纳粹占领期间的大屠杀，东欧地区还经历了其他针对罗姆人的暴力事件1。罗马尼亚在伊翁·安东内斯库独裁统治下独立组织了大规模驱逐行动，向特兰尼斯特里亚地区遣送罗姆人，造成约11000人被谋杀或死于饥荒和疾病1。匈牙利在2008-2009年间经历了新纳粹分子针对罗姆人的连续种族谋杀事件，共造成6人遇难、55人受伤1。
Germany took decades to formally acknowledge the Nazi genocide of approximately 500,000 Roma and Sinti people across Europe before establishing August 2 as the European Roma and Sinti Holocaust Memorial Day 1. The date commemorates the night of August 2-3, 1944, when thousands of Roma prisoners were sent to the gas chambers at Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp 1. In 2015, the European Parliament officially designated August 2 as the memorial day for this tragedy 1.
Eastern European nations have adopted varying approaches to remembering this genocide, with commemoration efforts beginning at different times across the region 1. Poland has observed August 2 annually since 2011, while the Czech Republic began in 2015 and Slovakia and Hungary initiated their commemorations in 2005 1. Romania, which under Ion Antonescu's dictatorship independently organized mass deportations to Transnistria resulting in approximately 11,000 Roma deaths from murder, starvation, and disease, officially recognized the remembrance in 2020 1. Croatia started its annual commemoration in 2014, and North Macedonia in 2017 1. Beyond Nazi persecution, Hungary experienced a surge of far-right violence between 2008 and 2009 when neo-Nazi perpetrators killed 6 Roma and wounded 55 others 1.
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