澳大利亚每日大量出口铁矿石、锂、铝土矿等原材料，但这些资源经过加工后以成品形式返回，导致本土难以捕获更多价值1。制造业在澳大利亚经济中的地位持续下滑，其国内生产总值占比从1970年代的约14%跌至2025年的约5%，同期就业占比也从20%降至约6%1。相比之下，采矿业2024-25年度的产业增加值达2605.7亿澳元，而制造业仅为1419.7亿澳元1。当前澳大利亚制造业就业人数约为868000人1。
为应对这一困境，政府推出《澳大利亚制造未来》政策，旨在扩大本地制造和加工能力1。该政策的具体举措包括启动六十年来首个大型炼油厂可行性研究，以增强产业能力和能源安全1。澳大利亚的制造业基础已经大幅萎缩——霍顿汽车公司伊丽莎白工厂在2017年关闭，结束了超过70年的国内汽车生产历史1。
Australia daily ships out raw materials including iron ore, lithium, and bauxite, only to purchase them back as finished products that capture significantly greater value 1. This pattern reflects a dramatic decline in the nation's manufacturing capacity over recent decades.
The manufacturing sector's share of gross domestic product has plummeted from approximately 14 percent in the 1970s to around 5 percent by 2025, while its employment contribution fell from 20 percent to roughly 6 percent over the same period 1. In contrast, mining generated AUD 260.57 billion in industry value added during 2024-25, compared to manufacturing's AUD 141.97 billion 1. The sector currently employs approximately 868,000 Australians 1. A symbolic blow came in 2017 when Holden's Elizabeth plant closed, ending over 70 years of domestic automotive production 1.
To address this structural imbalance, the government introduced the "Future Made in Australia" policy, which includes launching the nation's first large-scale refinery feasibility study in sixty years to strengthen local processing capacity and energy security 1.
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