亚马逊旗下卫星互联网业务Amazon Leo向美国联邦通信委员会提交申请，计划部署最多5105颗低轨卫星构建卫星直连终端（D2D）通信网络，预计2028年初上线[1]。为支撑这一业务，亚马逊近期以116亿美元收购Globalstar以获得无线电频谱资源[1]，并已与苹果达成协议为支持的iPhone和Apple Watch提供卫星服务[1]。
尽管产业布局不断扩大，D2D服务的市场现状仍难令人乐观。根据全球卫星运营商协会二月份报告，D2D服务已在15个国家和地区推出，61个国家正在规划或测试[1]。然而，市场渗透率极低——2026年3月美国Speedtest用户中仅0.46%连接到D2D卫星，智利最高为1.26%[1]。此外，由于地面网络已覆盖全球96%人口，D2D连接通常只能室外使用[1]。T-Mobile和Rogers结束免费试用后，D2D月费约10美元，美国与加拿大近几个月连接数不增反降[1]。
尽管存在这些挑战，市场预期仍保持乐观。2025年全球D2D卫星连接市场规模为48亿美元，预计2034年达346亿美元，年均增长率为24.5%[1]。
Amazon's satellite internet division, Amazon Leo, has filed an application with the U.S. Federal Communications Commission to deploy up to 5,105 low-Earth orbit satellites to create a satellite direct-to-device (D2D) communication network, with an expected launch date of early 2028.[1] The company recently acquired wireless spectrum resources through its $11.6 billion purchase of Globalstar and has secured an agreement with Apple to provide satellite services to supported iPhones and Apple Watches.[1]
Despite the ambitious expansion plans, the D2D satellite connectivity market remains in its infancy with significant adoption challenges ahead. According to a February report from the Global System for Mobile Communications Association, D2D services have launched in 15 countries and regions, while 61 nations are planning or testing such technology.[1] However, adoption rates remain minimal: only 0.46% of Speedtest users in the United States connected to D2D satellites as of March 2026, with Chile recording the highest penetration at 1.26%.[1] Following the conclusion of free trial periods, monthly D2D service fees are approximately $10 in the United States and Canada, where connection numbers have declined rather than increased in recent months.[1]
The industry faces structural obstacles that may limit D2D's growth trajectory. GSMA Intelligence notes that terrestrial networks already cover 96% of the global population, and D2D connectivity typically functions only outdoors.[1] While market analysts project the global D2D satellite connectivity market to reach $48 billion in 2025 and grow to $346 billion by 2034 at a compound annual growth rate of 24.5%, the current low penetration rates and declining user bases following paid service rollouts suggest the technology must overcome substantial technical, cost, and business model challenges to achieve mainstream adoption.[1]
