美伊冲突导致全球能源市场剧烈波动，石油公司因此获得巨额收益。冲突已持续六个月，霍尔木兹海峡的运输中断影响了全球五分之一的石油和天然气供应1。受此影响，布伦特原油价格在3月至5月期间从约70美元飙升至100美元以上，一度达到126美元1。欧洲六大油企第一季度利润合计220亿美元，同比增长43%1。埃克森美孚和雪佛龙等主要石油公司将在周五公布第二季度财报1。
消费者为高油价承受压力，美国汽油平均价格从美国和以色列对伊朗发起攻击前的3美元以下升至本周的4.10美元1。对此，美国民主党议员提议对日产至少30万桶石油的生产商或进口商征收暴利税，税率为油价与去年平均价格差额的50%1。参议员谢尔登·怀特豪斯表示："对过度暴利征收暴利税比削减儿童食品计划更公平"1。炼油厂的"裂差利润"在7月底高达50-60美元每桶，远高于20-25美元的平均水平1。
A six-month US-Iran conflict has disrupted oil transportation through the Strait of Hormuz, a critical chokepoint that normally supplies one-fifth of the world's oil and natural gas, driving global crude prices sharply higher.1 Brent crude surged from approximately $70 per barrel to over $100 during March, April, and May, reaching as high as $126 at one point.1 This spike has translated into substantial gains for major oil producers: Europe's six largest oil companies reported combined first-quarter profits of $22 billion, a 43 percent increase year-over-year.1 ExxonMobil and Chevron are set to announce their second-quarter earnings on Friday.1
The price surge has extended to consumers at the pump, with the average US gasoline price climbing from below $3 per gallon before US and Israeli attacks on Iran to $4.10 per gallon this week.1 Refinery "crack spreads"—a key profitability measure—have reached $50–$60 per barrel in late July, far exceeding the typical $20–$25 range.1 In response to these windfall gains, Democratic lawmakers have proposed a windfall profits tax targeting producers or importers handling at least 300,000 barrels daily, set at 50 percent of the difference between current prices and last year's average.1 Senator Sheldon Whitehouse defended the measure, stating that "collecting windfall profits taxes on excess profits is a fairer approach than cutting children's food programs."1
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