英国首相安迪·伯纳姆宣布一项重大财税权力改革，将向英格兰地方市长下放显著权限 1。根据这一政策，市长从2028年起将能保留其地区产生的部分所得税收入，并从2027年4月起获得当地商业税收 1。伯纳姆称这是"一代人以来最大的权力转移" 1，旨在打破市长对威斯敏斯特财政部补助金的长期依赖。
这一改革将显著扩大市长的财政自主权和借贷能力。根据政策设计，市长可以以未来收入为担保获得为期30年的贷款，用于融资大型基础设施项目 1。大曼彻斯特地区在2024-25年度保留的商业税已达1亿英镑 1。曼彻斯特市长奥利弗·科帕德对这一改革表示欢迎，认为它将"让我们摆脱财政部的死亡之握" 1。
这一改革在地区间的收益存在显著差异。根据Re:State智库的分析报告，伦敦若获得20便士基本税率下的2.5%所得税，2026-27年将获得23亿英镑收入，而赫尔及东约克郡同期仅获1.35亿英镑 1。目前，英格兰直接选举产生的市长控制着占全国人口四分之三的地区 1。
Prime Minister Andy Burnham has announced a major fiscal devolution plan designed to shift financial power from Westminster to England's local leaders 1. Under the new framework, directly elected mayors will retain a portion of income tax revenues generated within their regions starting in 2028, while gaining access to business rate income from April 2027 1. The policy aims to grant mayors greater borrowing capacity, enabling them to secure 30-year loans backed by future tax revenue and reducing their dependence on Treasury grants 1.
Manchester Mayor Oliver Coppard described the initiative as liberation from the "Treasury death grip," while Burnham characterized it as "the biggest devolution of power in a generation" 1. Greater Manchester stands to retain £100 million in business rates during the 2024-25 financial year under these arrangements 1. However, analysis by the Re:State think tank reveals significant regional disparities: London would receive £2.3 billion in 2026-27 under a 2.5% income tax share at a 20p basic rate, while Hull and East Yorkshire would secure only £135 million 1. England's directly elected mayors currently oversee regions representing three-quarters of the national population 1.
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