特朗普政府批准了一项与沙特阿拉伯的核协议，该协议可能允许沙特在其领土内获得铀浓缩能力，用于民用核计划 12。协议预计周三正式宣布 12，期限为30年 12，并将涉及美国企业参与开发相关项目 1。
根据协议条款，沙特可能获得在本土进行铀浓缩的权利，但如美国反对，沙特在10年内不得自主或与他国进行浓缩 2。这项协议需要提交美国国会 2。
国务卿马尔科·鲁比奥为该协议进行了辩护，表示"美国不会与世界上任何国家达成任何导致扩散风险的协议" 3。不过，该协议不包括国际原子能机构附加议定书中的更严格监督条款 3。
这项协议引发了国际关注。沙特王储穆罕默德·本·萨勒曼曾在2018年表示，"如果伊朗研发核弹，我们将尽快效仿" 2。巴基斯坦国防部长则表示其核计划"如果需要将向沙特提供" 3。
与此形成对比的是，阿联酋在与美国签署类似协议时未寻求浓缩能力，仅获得建造核电厂的权利，被视为处理此类事务的"黄金标准" 23。该协议并非以沙特与以色列关系正常化为前提条件 2。
The Trump administration has approved a nuclear agreement with Saudi Arabia that would grant the kingdom the ability to enrich uranium for civilian purposes 12. The accord is expected to be formally announced on Wednesday 12 and would span 30 years 123.
Under the agreement, Saudi Arabia would potentially be permitted to establish uranium enrichment facilities domestically 12, with American companies assisting in the development of the project 1. However, the accord includes restrictions stipulating that Saudi Arabia cannot independently or jointly with another nation conduct enrichment for 10 years without U.S. opposition 2.
The deal is valued at multiple billions of dollars 2 and will require submission to Congress 2. Secretary of State Marco Rubio stated that "the United States will not enter into any agreement with any country in the world that poses a proliferation risk" 3. He further noted that the agreement does not include the International Atomic Energy Agency's Additional Protocol, which would impose stricter oversight measures 3.
The arrangement has drawn concern from Israel and nuclear non-proliferation advocates who worry that Saudi Arabia could eventually develop nuclear weapons capability 2. Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman stated in 2018 that "if Iran develops a nuclear bomb, we will follow suit as quickly as possible" 2. Pakistani Defense Minister indicated that Pakistan's nuclear program would be made available to Saudi Arabia "if needed" 13.
The agreement contrasts with the 2009 U.S.-United Arab Emirates accord, in which the UAE agreed not to produce its own fuel and accepted various restrictions 23. The UAE model is viewed as the "gold standard" for nuclear cooperation 3. The current Saudi agreement is not conditioned on Saudi Arabia normalizing relations with Israel 2.
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