特朗普政府批准了一项与沙特阿拉伯的核协议，该协议可能允许沙特在其领土内获得铀浓缩能力，用于民用核计划 [1][2]。协议预计周三正式宣布 [1][2]，期限为30年 [1][2]，并将涉及美国企业参与开发相关项目 [1]。
根据协议条款，沙特可能获得在本土进行铀浓缩的权利，但如美国反对，沙特在10年内不得自主或与他国进行浓缩 [2]。这项协议需要提交美国国会 [2]。
国务卿马尔科·鲁比奥为该协议进行了辩护，表示"美国不会与世界上任何国家达成任何导致扩散风险的协议" [3]。不过，该协议不包括国际原子能机构附加议定书中的更严格监督条款 [3]。
这项协议引发了国际关注。沙特王储穆罕默德·本·萨勒曼曾在2018年表示，"如果伊朗研发核弹，我们将尽快效仿" [2]。巴基斯坦国防部长则表示其核计划"如果需要将向沙特提供" [3]。
与此形成对比的是，阿联酋在与美国签署类似协议时未寻求浓缩能力，仅获得建造核电厂的权利，被视为处理此类事务的"黄金标准" [2][3]。该协议并非以沙特与以色列关系正常化为前提条件 [2]。
The Trump administration has approved a nuclear agreement with Saudi Arabia that would grant the kingdom the ability to enrich uranium for civilian purposes [1][2]. The accord is expected to be formally announced on Wednesday [1][2] and would span 30 years [1][2][3].
Under the agreement, Saudi Arabia would potentially be permitted to establish uranium enrichment facilities domestically [1][2], with American companies assisting in the development of the project [1]. However, the accord includes restrictions stipulating that Saudi Arabia cannot independently or jointly with another nation conduct enrichment for 10 years without U.S. opposition [2].
The deal is valued at multiple billions of dollars [2] and will require submission to Congress [2]. Secretary of State Marco Rubio stated that "the United States will not enter into any agreement with any country in the world that poses a proliferation risk" [3]. He further noted that the agreement does not include the International Atomic Energy Agency's Additional Protocol, which would impose stricter oversight measures [3].
The arrangement has drawn concern from Israel and nuclear non-proliferation advocates who worry that Saudi Arabia could eventually develop nuclear weapons capability [2]. Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman stated in 2018 that "if Iran develops a nuclear bomb, we will follow suit as quickly as possible" [2]. Pakistani Defense Minister indicated that Pakistan's nuclear program would be made available to Saudi Arabia "if needed" [1][3].
The agreement contrasts with the 2009 U.S.-United Arab Emirates accord, in which the UAE agreed not to produce its own fuel and accepted various restrictions [2][3]. The UAE model is viewed as the "gold standard" for nuclear cooperation [3]. The current Saudi agreement is not conditioned on Saudi Arabia normalizing relations with Israel [2].