物理学家在理论计算上解决了困扰该领域的μ子谜团，但这一突破反而暴露出实验数据间的深层不一致。1μ子在磁场中的摆动行为（g-2值）长期显示出百万分之一的偏差，曾暗示可能存在未知粒子。12021年，采用格点QCD计算方法的BMW团队达到百亿分之一的计算精度，得出的结果与费米实验室的测量数据相符。1
然而，这一一致性反而揭示了另一个问题：基于电子-正电子碰撞数据推导的传统预测与新的格点QCD结果产生了矛盾。1物理学家正在调查西伯利亚VEPP-2000对撞机等多个实验设施的数据，以查明症结所在。1该对撞机在2010年安装新探测器后，2023年发布的π介子产生率测量结果与之前的测量显著不同，而BMW团队2024年的格点模拟计算结果与这一最新测量基本一致。1
伦敦大学学院高级研究员Alex Keshavarzi表示，"测量μ子g-2是了解宇宙中有多少粒子存在的代理方法"，并指出"没有任何测量被审视得这么彻底"。1目前尚不确定是否存在新粒子的发现，还是实验程序本身需要改进。
Physicists have resolved a long-standing theoretical puzzle about how muons behave in magnetic fields, but the solution has unveiled a deeper contradiction in their data.1 In 2021, the BMW team used lattice QCD calculations to achieve precision at the billionths level, obtaining results that aligned with measurements from Fermilab.1 However, this new theoretical framework contradicts predictions derived from traditional methods based on electron-positron collision data.1
The muon's g-2 value has exhibited a deviation of one part per million over the past 25 years, suggesting the possible existence of previously unknown particles.1 To investigate whether new particles are involved or whether experimental procedures contain errors, physicists are now scrutinizing data from multiple experimental facilities, including the VEPP-2000 collider in Siberia.1 The VEPP-2000 collider released measurements of pion production rates in 2023 that differed significantly from its previous measurements, following the installation of new detectors in 2010.1 The BMW team's 2024 lattice simulation calculations are largely consistent with these latest pion production rate findings.1
According to Alex Keshavarzi, a senior research fellow at University College London, measuring the muon's g-2 serves as a proxy method for understanding how many particles exist in the universe.1 Keshavarzi also noted that no measurement has been scrutinized as thoroughly as this one.1
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