科学家利用欧洲XFEL设施产生的超快X射线，观察到分子吸收光后在皮秒级时间尺度内能量转化的过程1。研究团队采用时间分辨X射线光电子谱（tr-XPS）技术，追踪了3-氟吡啶分子中不同原子的变化，揭示了能量在分子内的传递和重新分配规律1。
这项研究的关键发现在于，分子内不同原子位点提供了不同的信息1。具体而言，氮原子反映的是电荷重新分布和结构变化，而氟原子则反映了分子振动弛豫的过程1。研究员Antonio Picón表示："我们现在看到，并非每个原子位点都在X射线脉冲捕捉的信号中讲述相同的故事"1。这项研究成果于2026年7月29日发表在《美国化学学会杂志》上1。
Scientists have used ultrafast X-rays generated by the European XFEL facility to observe how molecules transform energy within trillionths of a second after absorbing light.1 The research employed time-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (tr-XPS) technology to track changes in individual atoms within 3-fluoropyridine molecules, revealing how energy is transferred and redistributed across the molecular structure.1 This breakthrough provides a new window into understanding light-driven chemical processes at the atomic scale.
The study tracked different atomic sites within the 3-fluoropyridine molecule, which contains nitrogen and fluorine atoms, using the Small Quantum Systems (SQS) instrument at the facility.1 The findings demonstrated that different atomic locations tell distinct stories in the signals captured from the X-ray pulses: nitrogen atoms reflected charge redistribution and structural changes, while fluorine atoms revealed molecular vibration relaxation.1 As Antonio Picón from ICMM-CSIC noted, "We can now see that not every atomic site tells the same story in the signals we capture from our X-ray pulses."1 The research was published on July 29, 2026, in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.1
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