全球电池制造商竞速固态电池技术

固态电池因其相比传统锂离子电池的多项优势，正成为全球电池业的研发焦点。1 这种通过用固体材料替代液体电解质的新型电池，可实现更轻、更安全的设计，同时消除树突晶枝问题。1 固态电池还被认为"更安全、更能量密集，最终可能比现有电池更便宜"。1

CATL、比亚迪、LG和三星等全球主要电池制造商已投入大量资源进行技术研发。1 其中CATL在2024年有超过1000人从事固态电池研究。1 与此同时，美欧地区的电池初创企业也表现活跃，截至2025年累计融资已超40亿美元。1

不过，商业化进展仍存在制约。CATL主席将固态电池在技术就绪度等级中评为4/9，并表示其商业可行性"尚未确立"。1 传统锂离子电池中每克反应锂需要约70克支撑材料，这一数据显示了固态电池在材料效率方面的潜在突破口。1

Major battery manufacturers and startups worldwide are investing heavily in solid-state battery development, attracted by the technology's potential to overcome key limitations of conventional lithium-ion cells. Solid-state batteries replace liquid electrolytes with solid materials, enabling designs that are lighter, safer, and free from dendrite formation issues that plague current batteries 1. According to proponents, this approach could ultimately deliver batteries that are "safer, more energy-dense, and potentially cheaper than existing ones" 1.

The race to bring this technology to market involves both established players and emerging companies. CATL, the world's largest battery manufacturer, had over 1,000 researchers dedicated to solid-state battery work in 2024 1. Other major manufacturers including BYD, LG, and Samsung are similarly pursuing the technology 1. Meanwhile, early-stage ventures across North America and Europe have collectively raised more than $4 billion as of 2025 to advance solid-state battery commercialization 1.

Despite the substantial investment and technical progress, significant hurdles remain. CATL's chairman assessed solid-state batteries at a technology readiness level of 4 out of 9, noting that commercial viability has "not yet been established" 1. The underlying challenge relates to material efficiency in current lithium-ion cells, where approximately 70 grams of supporting materials are required per gram of reactive lithium as of 2019 1. Solid-state technology aims to fundamentally improve this ratio, though realizing that promise at scale remains an open question for the industry.