澳大利亚计划建第三座炼油厂 但需更广泛海事战略应对航运风险

澳大利亚政府本周宣布将研究在西澳建设大型石油炼油厂的可行性1。如果获得批准，这将成为澳大利亚第三座石油炼油厂，填补该国25年来因多个炼油设施关闭留下的空白1。

然而，新建炼油厂仅是能源安全战略的第一步。澳大利亚99%的国际贸易按交易量计依靠海运1，其中包括药品、化学品、机械、电气设备、车辆和零件等关键物品1。在全球海域竞争日益激烈、航运中断风险潜伏的背景下，单一项目远不足以保障国家韧性。

为建立更为完善的海事贸易防御体系，澳大利亚应当构建由总理和内阁部门支持的常设海事战略分支机构1，以统筹协调产业、航运、港口和国防能力。这种做法已有国际先例——日本已建立由总理领导的内阁级海洋政策办公室1。

The Australian government this week announced it would examine the feasibility of constructing a large-scale oil refinery in Western Australia, a move intended to strengthen national energy security 1. If approved, this facility would become the nation's third such refinery, following the closure of multiple refineries over the preceding 25 years 1.

However, experts caution that a single refinery project is insufficient to address Australia's vulnerability to shipping disruptions. The country relies on maritime transport for 99% of its international trade by transaction volume 1, with critical imports including pharmaceuticals, chemicals, machinery, electrical equipment, vehicles, and spare parts, as highlighted in a 2021 Productivity Commission report 1. To build resilience against growing competition in global waters and potential supply chain interruptions, Australia should establish a cabinet-level maritime policy office supported by the prime minister and cabinet departments 1. Japan has already implemented such a model, with a cabinet-level maritime policy office led by its prime minister 1.