古巴政府于周三批准了一系列经济改革措施，以应对日益加剧的人道主义危机[1]。这些改革由议会上月批准，周三起正式生效，涉及移除125项禁令中的46项，同时放松35项其他规制[1]。
新政策在多个领域扩大了私营部门的活动范围[1]。改革允许进口和转售商品与药品、由私营药房销售药品、设立私营养老设施、进口电动汽车，以及放松对外国公司石油开采部门的限制[1]。然而，烟草生产、互联网接入、报纸出版和广播电视等关键领域仍保持由国家独占[1]。
这一改变源于古巴面临的严峻困境。美国在1月份施加的石油封锁导致古巴能源短缺、医药短缺和频繁停电[1]。古巴总统米格尔·迪亚斯-卡内尔上月表示，这些改革是必要的，因为国家"简直无法继续走目前的路"[1]。
Cuba's government approved sweeping economic reforms on Wednesday that significantly relax state restrictions on private enterprise, marking a shift in policy as the island nation grapples with severe shortages [1]. The measures, which were passed by parliament last month and took effect this week, eliminate 46 of 125 existing prohibitions and loosen 35 additional regulations across multiple sectors [1].
The reforms permit private citizens and companies to import and resell commercial goods and medicines, allow privately operated pharmacies to sell medications, authorize the establishment of private nursing facilities, enable imports of electric vehicles, and reduce restrictions on foreign companies seeking to extract petroleum [1]. However, the government maintains state monopolies over tobacco production, internet access, newspaper publishing, and broadcast television [1].
The economic overhaul reflects the severity of Cuba's current situation, characterized by energy shortages, medicine scarcity, and frequent blackouts—conditions exacerbated by a U.S. oil embargo imposed in January [1]. President Miguel Díaz-Canel acknowledged last month that reform was imperative, stating that the country "simply cannot continue on the path it is on" [1].