印度全国医学入学考试（NEET）因多次试题泄露引发大规模抗议，促使教育部长辞职[1]。总理莫迪随后任命专家任务小组推动改革，建议将笔试改为计算机化考试以增强安全性[1]。然而，印度最高法院警告，仅靠技术手段无法根除试题泄露风险，根本问题在于信任、治理和激励机制[1]。
泄露事件在考试流程的不同环节发生[1]。2024年的泄露发生在试卷印刷后的运输阶段，涉及约40至50人[1]；2026年的泄露则源自国家测试局（NTA）内部教师[1]。考虑到NEET约有220万名考生参加[1]，而政府医学院仅能容纳不足6%的合格者[1]，巨大的竞争压力与有限的学位形成了舞弊的动机。IIT马德拉斯主任Kamakoti指出："如果这整个50人的队伍中有哪怕一个人被收买，我们就完了"[1]。
采用计算机化考试的技术方案也面临现实制约[1]。印度目前单次计算机化考试的容纳能力仅约30万考生，远低于NEET的220万[1]。此外，改革需在12月至次年5月的考试季来临前1至2个月内定版[1]。政府虽在2023年以来承诺打击考试舞弊，但前委员会的100多项建议中仅约57%得到实施[1]，反映出从政策制定到执行的鸿沟。NEET考生所竞争的政府医学院学费仅需约30,000卢比（约313美元），而私立医学院学费则可达数十万甚至数百万卢比[1]，进一步说明了考生对政府学位的执着与舞弊的诱因。
India's national medical entrance examination, NEET, has become engulfed in controversy following multiple instances of question paper theft, prompting sweeping reform efforts from the government.[1] Prime Minister Narendra Modi has tasked an expert committee with overhauling the exam system, with recommendations to shift from pen-and-paper testing to computerized formats in an effort to enhance security.[1] However, India's Supreme Court has cautioned that technological solutions alone are insufficient to prevent future breaches, pointing instead to deeper governance and incentive structures as the root cause.[1]
The leaks have exposed vulnerabilities at different stages of the examination process.[1] In 2024, question papers were compromised during the transportation phase after printing, with approximately 40 to 50 people involved in the breach; in 2026, the leak originated from within the National Test Agency itself, traced to an internal teacher.[1] The scale of NEET is enormous, with roughly 2.2 million candidates taking the exam annually, yet government medical colleges can accommodate fewer than 6 percent of qualified applicants, with tuition fees at around 30,000 rupees—approximately $313.[1] Private medical institutions, by contrast, charge fees ranging from hundreds of thousands to millions of rupees.[1]
Implementing computerized testing faces significant logistical constraints.[1] Currently, India's single-sitting computer examination infrastructure can accommodate only about 300,000 candidates, far short of NEET's 2.2 million test-takers.[1] IIT Madras Director Kamakoti underscored the human vulnerability at the heart of security: "If even one person in this entire team of 50 is compromised, we are done."[1] While the government has pledged to combat exam fraud since 2023, implementation remains inconsistent, with approximately 57 percent of over 100 recommendations from a previous committee enacted.[1] Reforms must be finalized within one to two months before the December-to-May examination season begins.[1]