印度全国医学入学考试（NEET）因多次试题泄露引发大规模抗议，促使教育部长辞职1。总理莫迪随后任命专家任务小组推动改革，建议将笔试改为计算机化考试以增强安全性1。然而，印度最高法院警告，仅靠技术手段无法根除试题泄露风险，根本问题在于信任、治理和激励机制1。
泄露事件在考试流程的不同环节发生1。2024年的泄露发生在试卷印刷后的运输阶段，涉及约40至50人1；2026年的泄露则源自国家测试局（NTA）内部教师1。考虑到NEET约有220万名考生参加1，而政府医学院仅能容纳不足6%的合格者1，巨大的竞争压力与有限的学位形成了舞弊的动机。IIT马德拉斯主任Kamakoti指出："如果这整个50人的队伍中有哪怕一个人被收买，我们就完了"1。
采用计算机化考试的技术方案也面临现实制约1。印度目前单次计算机化考试的容纳能力仅约30万考生，远低于NEET的220万1。此外，改革需在12月至次年5月的考试季来临前1至2个月内定版1。政府虽在2023年以来承诺打击考试舞弊，但前委员会的100多项建议中仅约57%得到实施1，反映出从政策制定到执行的鸿沟。NEET考生所竞争的政府医学院学费仅需约30,000卢比（约313美元），而私立医学院学费则可达数十万甚至数百万卢比1，进一步说明了考生对政府学位的执着与舞弊的诱因。
India's national medical entrance examination, NEET, has become engulfed in controversy following multiple instances of question paper theft, prompting sweeping reform efforts from the government.1 Prime Minister Narendra Modi has tasked an expert committee with overhauling the exam system, with recommendations to shift from pen-and-paper testing to computerized formats in an effort to enhance security.1 However, India's Supreme Court has cautioned that technological solutions alone are insufficient to prevent future breaches, pointing instead to deeper governance and incentive structures as the root cause.1
The leaks have exposed vulnerabilities at different stages of the examination process.1 In 2024, question papers were compromised during the transportation phase after printing, with approximately 40 to 50 people involved in the breach; in 2026, the leak originated from within the National Test Agency itself, traced to an internal teacher.1 The scale of NEET is enormous, with roughly 2.2 million candidates taking the exam annually, yet government medical colleges can accommodate fewer than 6 percent of qualified applicants, with tuition fees at around 30,000 rupees—approximately $313.1 Private medical institutions, by contrast, charge fees ranging from hundreds of thousands to millions of rupees.1
Implementing computerized testing faces significant logistical constraints.1 Currently, India's single-sitting computer examination infrastructure can accommodate only about 300,000 candidates, far short of NEET's 2.2 million test-takers.1 IIT Madras Director Kamakoti underscored the human vulnerability at the heart of security: "If even one person in this entire team of 50 is compromised, we are done."1 While the government has pledged to combat exam fraud since 2023, implementation remains inconsistent, with approximately 57 percent of over 100 recommendations from a previous committee enacted.1 Reforms must be finalized within one to two months before the December-to-May examination season begins.1
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