曾经象征美国消费文化的购物中心正经历深刻分化。位于新泽西州Livingston的Livingston Mall因网购普及、主力百货店相继关闭和疫情冲击，已逐渐演变为"僵尸商场"1。该商场1972年开业，其最后的百货主力店Macy's已于4月关闭1。在此之前，Sears和Lord & Taylor也在疫情期间相继撤离1。书店连锁Barnes & Noble在该商场营业超过18年后，本月也宣布关闭并迁移1。
这种衰落趋势并非孤立现象。全美购物中心数量从2008年的1100家下降至约900家1，反映出整个行业的收缩。然而，并非所有购物中心都走向衰退——高端购物中心如The Mall at Short Hills仍然繁荣1。这种现象被称为"K型分化"，高端商场和中低端商场的命运截然不同1。
The American shopping mall—once a defining symbol of consumer culture—is increasingly fracturing into two distinct categories: thriving luxury destinations and struggling middle-market properties.1 Livingston Mall in New Jersey exemplifies this troubling trend, having transformed into what many now call a "zombie mall" following the closure of its final major department store anchor.1 Macy's, the mall's last remaining department store, shut its doors in April.1 The mall has also lost other significant retailers in recent years, including Sears and Lord & Taylor, which closed during the pandemic.1 Barnes & Noble, which had operated at the property for more than 18 years, recently ceased operations and relocated elsewhere.1
The challenges facing Livingston Mall and properties like it reflect broader structural shifts in American retail. The proliferation of online shopping, combined with the economic fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic, has accelerated the decline of traditional shopping centers.1 The scale of this transformation is evident in national figures: the number of shopping malls across the United States has contracted from approximately 1,100 in 2008 to roughly 900 today.1 However, this contraction is not uniform. High-end shopping destinations, such as The Mall at Short Hills, continue to perform well, creating what analysts describe as a "K-shaped divergence" in the retail landscape—where upscale malls prosper while middle-market facilities deteriorate.1
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