联合国支持的1951年《难民公约》今年迎来75周年纪念[1]。该条约旨在保护因战争、暴力和迫害而被迫逃亡的人群，目前已有近150个国家加入[1]。该公约的核心原则是"不遣返原则"，禁止将难民遣返至可能面临迫害、刑讯逼供或其他严重伤害的地区[1]。
当前全球难民危机日趋严峻。全球有超过4100万难民被迫流离失所[1]，其中近70%由中低收入国家接纳[1]。国际委员会红十字会统计全球有超过130场武装冲突[1]。具体事例包括，2017年有70万罗兴亚人从缅甸逃往孟加拉国[1]，而已有130多万叙利亚人返回家园[1]。该公约的现实意义通过来自罗兴亚、尼加拉瓜、巴勒斯坦等地区的难民亲身经历得以彰显[1]。
The 1951 Refugee Convention, a United Nations-backed treaty designed to protect people fleeing war, violence, and persecution, is marking its 75th anniversary this year [1]. Nearly 150 countries have become parties to the convention [1], which enshrines the core principle of non-refoulement—prohibiting the return of individuals to places where they face persecution, torture, or serious harm [1]. Despite these protections, the global displacement crisis continues to deepen, with more than 41 million refugees forcibly displaced worldwide, with nearly 70 percent sheltered in low- and middle-income countries [1]. The International Committee of the Red Cross has documented over 130 active armed conflicts globally [1].
The convention's real-world impact is illustrated through the experiences of six refugees whose stories underscore both the treaty's significance and the ongoing challenges facing displaced populations. Among them are Rohingya refugees from Myanmar, who in 2017 saw 700,000 of their community flee to Bangladesh [1], as well as asylum seekers from Nicaragua and Palestinian refugees. In contrast, some displacement crises have shown signs of reversal: over 1.3 million Syrians have returned to their homeland [1]. These accounts highlight how the treaty's protections—or their limitations—shape the fates of those forced to abandon their homes and seek safety across borders.