特斯拉的Full-Self Driving（FSD）自动驾驶系统因严重安全缺陷正在接受美国国家公路交通安全管理局（NHTSA）的正式工程分析调查1。该调查项目编号为EA26002，NHTSA已下达24项取证函，要求特斯拉在8月12日前提交答复，逾期将面临每天27874美元、累计最高1.39亿美元的罚款风险1。
FSD系统在低能见度条件下暴露出了重大缺陷。已确认至少9起事故均因能见度突然降低而发生，系统未能检测到前方车辆1。特斯拉内部分析表明，若及早更新系统，其中3起事故的结果可能会有所不同1。这些问题与系统纯视觉架构的物理限制密切相关——特斯拉现有摄像头体系的视力水平相当于人类20/60至20/70（国内标准0.33-0.29），远低于安全驾驶所需的0.8视力标准1。
除监管调查外，特斯拉还面临司法压力。美国法院已判定特斯拉需赔偿因FSD导致的死亡事件2.34亿美元，相关上诉已全数驳回1。此外，NHTSA还要求核查马斯克发布的15条FSD核心宣传话术是否暗示超出实际能力1。
Tesla is confronting intensifying regulatory and legal pressure over critical safety flaws in its Full-Self Driving system. The U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has launched a formal engineering investigation into the system, designated EA26002, and has issued 24 civil investigative demands requiring Tesla to submit technical documentation and internal communications by August 12.1 Failure to comply exposes the company to daily penalties of $27,874, with potential maximum fines reaching $139 million.1
The investigation centers on at least 9 accidents caused by the FSD system's inability to detect vehicles ahead during conditions of suddenly reduced visibility.1 Tesla has acknowledged that had the system been updated earlier, the outcomes of 3 of these 9 incidents could have been different.1 The root cause stems from the system's pure vision-based architecture, which provides visual acuity equivalent to human eyesight of 20/60 to 20/70—far below the 0.8 standard required for safe driving.1 Regulators are also scrutinizing 15 core marketing claims made by Elon Musk to determine whether they misrepresent the system's actual capabilities.1
The regulatory action follows a separate legal setback: an American court has ruled that Tesla must pay $234 million in damages related to a fatality caused by FSD, and all appeals have been dismissed.1
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