2026年7月17日夜间，伊朗向约旦境内美军基地发动了弹道导弹和无人机攻击，造成2名美军人员死亡，多人受伤[1]。这次军事行动使波斯湾战争中美国军人的伤亡总数接近500人[1]。
伊朗能够持续进行这样的军事行动，其经济基础源于47年来在西方经济制裁下逐步构建的国家生存体系[1]。自1979年伊朗伊斯兰革命和人质危机以来，伊朗就面临长期的经济制裁[1]。2018年美国特朗普政府退出伊核协议后，制裁进一步升级至"极限制裁"水平[1]。在这一背景下，伊朗通过推行"抵抗经济"政策，建立起包括国有企业、资源调度、能源、制造业等多层次的产业结构，同时推动国内生产能力提升、战略储备充分，以及贸易通道的多元化发展[1]。这套历经考验的经济体系为伊朗的长期作战提供了持久的支撑。
Iran launched a barrage of ballistic missiles and unmanned drones against a U.S. military base in Jordan on the night of July 17, 2026, resulting in the deaths of two American service members and injuries to several others.[1] This attack brought the total number of U.S. military casualties in the Persian Gulf conflict to nearly 500.[1]
Iran's ability to conduct prolonged military operations rests on an economic survival system honed through nearly five decades of Western economic sanctions.[1] Sanctions against Iran began in 1979 following the Iranian Islamic Revolution and the hostage crisis,[1] and were significantly intensified when the Trump administration withdrew from the nuclear agreement in 2018 and implemented a "maximum pressure" campaign.[1] In response, Iran has pursued a "resistance economy" strategy that prioritizes domestic production, strategic reserves, and diversification of trade channels.[1] This multifaceted economic structure, encompassing state-owned enterprises, resource coordination, energy production, and manufacturing, has enabled the nation to sustain military operations despite prolonged international isolation.[1]
