2026年7月17日夜间，伊朗向约旦境内美军基地发动了弹道导弹和无人机攻击，造成2名美军人员死亡，多人受伤1。这次军事行动使波斯湾战争中美国军人的伤亡总数接近500人1。
伊朗能够持续进行这样的军事行动，其经济基础源于47年来在西方经济制裁下逐步构建的国家生存体系1。自1979年伊朗伊斯兰革命和人质危机以来，伊朗就面临长期的经济制裁1。2018年美国特朗普政府退出伊核协议后，制裁进一步升级至"极限制裁"水平1。在这一背景下，伊朗通过推行"抵抗经济"政策，建立起包括国有企业、资源调度、能源、制造业等多层次的产业结构，同时推动国内生产能力提升、战略储备充分，以及贸易通道的多元化发展1。这套历经考验的经济体系为伊朗的长期作战提供了持久的支撑。
Iran launched a barrage of ballistic missiles and unmanned drones against a U.S. military base in Jordan on the night of July 17, 2026, resulting in the deaths of two American service members and injuries to several others.1 This attack brought the total number of U.S. military casualties in the Persian Gulf conflict to nearly 500.1
Iran's ability to conduct prolonged military operations rests on an economic survival system honed through nearly five decades of Western economic sanctions.1 Sanctions against Iran began in 1979 following the Iranian Islamic Revolution and the hostage crisis,1 and were significantly intensified when the Trump administration withdrew from the nuclear agreement in 2018 and implemented a "maximum pressure" campaign.1 In response, Iran has pursued a "resistance economy" strategy that prioritizes domestic production, strategic reserves, and diversification of trade channels.1 This multifaceted economic structure, encompassing state-owned enterprises, resource coordination, energy production, and manufacturing, has enabled the nation to sustain military operations despite prolonged international isolation.1
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