美国国家科学院、工程院和医学院发布了一份关于2020年阿雷西博天文台305米望远镜坍塌事故的共识研究报告，指出导致该设施解体的根本原因是电缆镀锌插座（cable spelter sockets）内部发生的长期锌蠕变 1。这份题为《Failure Analysis of the Arecibo Observatory 305-Meter Telescope Collapse》的报告于2024年发布，其媒体公告最后更新时间为2024年10月25日 1。研究强调，这是自19世纪末以来，镀锌插座这种连接方式被广泛使用超过一个世纪后，首个有明确记录的由锌诱导导致的长期蠕变失效案例 1。
阿雷西博望远镜自1963年正式启用，在连续运行57年后最终因结构失效而坍塌 1。报告分析认为，2017年飓风玛丽亚（Hurricane Maria）袭击波多黎各这一事件，极有可能是在坍塌发生前三年启动或加速了上述金属蠕变失效过程的触发因素 1。此外，研究人员还提出了一个假设性机制，即望远镜自身发射的电磁波可能产生低电流电塑性效应，进而加剧了锌材料的蠕变行为 1。
针对此次事故暴露出的问题，报告建议美国国家科学基金会（NSF）应向科研社区提供剩余的插座和电缆部分以供深入研究 1。同时，报告呼吁增加资金支持，以加强对老化科研基础设施的条件监测与维护工作 1。
A consensus report released by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine has determined that long-term zinc creep within galvanized cable spelter sockets was the fundamental cause of the 2020 collapse of the Arecibo Observatory’s 305-meter telescope 1. The findings were published in the study titled "Failure Analysis of the Arecibo Observatory 305-Meter Telescope Collapse," with the media announcement last updated on October 25, 2024 1. This incident marks the first documented case of long-term zinc-induced creep failure for this type of connection in over a century of use 1.
The report suggests that Hurricane Maria in 2017 may have acted as a trigger that initiated or accelerated the degradation process three years before the structure failed 1. Additionally, researchers proposed a hypothesis that electroplasticity caused by low currents from the telescope's own electromagnetic emissions might have further hastened the zinc creep 1. The telescope had been operational since its activation in 1963 and ran for 57 years before its collapse 1. Following the incident, the National Science Foundation (NSF) is advised to make remaining sockets and cable segments available for scientific analysis and to increase funding for condition monitoring and maintenance of aging research facilities 1.
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