国家流感中心指出，今年我国流感季呈现提前趋势，具有甲型H3N2、H1N1与乙型Victoria系多毒株共同流行的特点 1。自7月起，国内甲型H3N2亚型与乙型Victoria系共同流行，其中H3N2占比更高；同时，国内甲型H1N1的占比呈上升趋势 1。北京佑安医院感染综合科及中国疾控中心专家提醒公众关注重症信号，特别是儿童、65岁以上老人、孕产妇、慢性病患者以及免疫力低下人群需警惕肺炎、脑炎和心肌炎等并发症 1。
关于高危人群的重症识别，通用标准包括：持续高烧退烧后复烧、发病超过5天无好转、出现剧烈咳嗽胸闷胸痛喘憋呼吸急促等症状（需警惕肺炎） 1。针对特定人群，儿童若出现嗜睡难唤醒、异常烦躁或频繁呕吐，应警惕脑炎风险；年轻人若在活动后出现胸闷气短或晕厥，需提防心肌炎 1。
根据《中国流感疫苗预防接种技术指南(2026—2027)》，本年度推荐的三价裂解疫苗（适用6月龄及以上）、三价亚单位疫苗（适用6月龄及以上）及三价减毒活疫苗组分均已更新 1。虽然最佳接种窗口为9月至10月，但整个流感季均可接种，建议遵循“早打优于晚打”的原则 1。此外，鼻喷式三价减毒活疫苗适合3至17岁人群使用，但不建议老人及免疫力低下者接种 1。
China is experiencing an early onset of the annual influenza season, characterized by the co-circulation of multiple virus strains. According to the National Influenza Center, since July, there has been simultaneous activity from Influenza A (H3N2) and Influenza B (Victoria lineage), with H3N2 currently holding a higher proportion of cases. Additionally, the share of Influenza A (H1N1) in domestic cases is showing an upward trend 1.
Health experts have identified high-risk groups that require particular vigilance, including children, adults over 65 years old, pregnant women, individuals with chronic conditions, and those with compromised immune systems 1. Medical professionals advise the public to monitor for severe symptoms that may indicate complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis, or myocarditis. General warning signs include persistent high fever that returns after medication wears off, lack of improvement after five days of illness, and respiratory distress marked by severe coughing, chest tightness, pain, or rapid breathing 1.
Specific symptoms warrant immediate attention depending on the patient's age group. Children exhibiting lethargy, difficulty waking up, abnormal irritability, or frequent vomiting should be checked for potential encephalitis, while young adults experiencing chest tightness, shortness of breath, or fainting after physical activity need evaluation for myocarditis 1.
The latest technical guidelines, specifically the Chinese Technical Guidelines for Influenza Vaccination (2026–2027), recommend updated formulations for three types of vaccines: trivalent split vaccines, trivalent subunit vaccines, and trivalent live attenuated nasal spray vaccines 1. The split and subunit vaccines are approved for individuals aged six months and older, whereas the nasal spray vaccine is suitable for those aged 3 to 17 but is not recommended for the elderly or immunocompromised populations 1. While the optimal window for vaccination is September through October, protection typically takes two to four weeks to develop; however, vaccination remains effective throughout the entire flu season, with experts advocating for the principle that "earlier is better than later" regarding administration timing 1.
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