以俄罗斯为代表的国家正通过黑客行动、虚假信息和混合战争手段干涉西方民主选举，对全球多国构成非传统安全领域的严峻挑战 1。多位专家指出，各国在应对此类隐蔽威胁时准备不足，亟需加强社会韧性与网络安全措施 1。
在具体案例方面，《名利场》杂志报道涉及贾里德·库什纳 iPhone 被窃取的指控，该消息源于荷兰间谍获得的俄罗斯 GRU 服务器截图 1。前英国国家网络安全中心（NCSC）首席执行官 Ciaran Martin 指出，自 2016 年以来，俄罗斯针对西方民主国家的网络行动包括错误信息和虚假信息宣传 1。与此同时，德国指责俄罗斯对其机场进行无人机攻击，并涉嫌破坏电网和国防制造商；波兰也将去年发生的火车爆炸事件与俄罗斯联系起来 1。此外，英国军情五处（MI5）局长 Ken McCallum 透露，该机构在 2026 年用于对抗国家威胁的资源将超过冷战时期 1。
对于澳大利亚而言，interface 智库负责人 Sven Herpig 强调，澳大利亚更应担忧来自中国的网络活动而非俄罗斯，他提到日本警方在 2019 年至 2024 年间追踪到与中国黑客组织 MirrorFace 相关的 200 多次网络攻击 1。尽管皇家墨尔本理工大学（RMIT）教授 Matthew Warren 认为强制投票制度可能降低信息战在澳大利亚的有效性，但他同时警告称，地理隔离不能提供保护 1。
Global democratic institutions are facing a persistent and covert threat from state-sponsored hybrid warfare, with Russia identified as a primary actor utilizing hacking, misinformation, and cyber operations to interfere in Western elections. 1 Experts warn that nations like Australia remain underprepared for these non-traditional security challenges, emphasizing the urgent need for enhanced social resilience and cybersecurity measures. 1 While specific historical instances such as the 2016 US election and the UK Brexit referendum remain subjects of debate regarding their extent of manipulation, there is a consensus among analysts that digital interference poses a continuous danger to democratic stability. 1
Recent intelligence disclosures highlight the scale of this threat; former UK National Cyber Security Centre chief Ciaran Martin stated that Russian cyber activities targeting Western democracies have included disinformation campaigns since 2016. 1 This assessment aligns with reports from Vanity Fair, which detailed allegations involving the theft of Jared Kushner’s iPhone, linked to screenshots obtained by Dutch spies from a Russian GRU server. 1 Furthermore, MI5 Director General Ken McCallum revealed that his agency will allocate more resources to countering state threats in 2026 than it did during the Cold War era. 1
The scope of hostile actions extends beyond digital spheres into physical infrastructure, with Germany accusing Russia of conducting drone attacks on its airports and attempting to sabotage power grids and defense manufacturers. 1 Poland has similarly attributed a recent train explosion incident to Russian involvement. 1 However, experts suggest Australia may face greater risks from China than from Russia; Sven Herpig, head of the think tank Interface, pointed out that Japanese police tracked over 200 cyberattacks related to the Chinese hacker group MirrorFace between 2019 and 2024. 1 Meanwhile, RMIT Professor Matthew Warren argued that while Australia’s compulsory voting system might mitigate the effectiveness of information warfare, geographic isolation offers no protection against these invisible threats. 1
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