剑桥大学研究团队在伊拉克库尔德斯坦的沙尼达尔洞穴发现了一具约7.5万年前的尼安德特人遗骸，该个体被命名为“Shanidar A” 1。分析显示，其肩胛骨上存在一个直径为15毫米的圆形孔洞，研究人员推测这很可能是由木质长矛造成的伤害，且伤口位置暗示袭击者可能故意瞄准心脏实施了“致命一击” 1。这项由Emma Pomeroy博士和Graeme Barker教授主导的研究成果已于2026年发表在《Scientific Reports》期刊上 1。
除了暴力致死的证据，该遗骸还揭示了早期人类社会中的同情关怀行为。“Shanidar A”的牙齿和骨骼显示出严重的面部创伤愈合痕迹，表明其在遭受致命攻击前曾长期处于虚弱状态，并得到了同伴至少一年的照料与支持 1。此外，考古人员在该洞穴的一个仅1.5x1x1米的小空间内发现了五具聚集在一起的尼安德特人遗骸，这一现象进一步佐证了尼安德特人可能存在反复返回特定地点安葬死者的象征性丧葬习俗 1。这一发现为理解早期人类社会中并存着致命暴力与互助关怀提供了罕见的实物证据 1。
Researchers from the University of Cambridge have determined that a Neanderthal individual, designated Shanidar A and discovered in Shanidar Cave in Iraqi Kurdistan, may have died from a targeted attack approximately 75,000 years ago. 1 The skeletal remains feature a circular hole with a diameter of 15 millimeters on the shoulder blade, which scientists infer was caused by a wooden spear. 1 The location of this wound suggests it was a deliberate strike aimed directly at the heart, representing what researchers describe as a fatal blow. 1
These findings were published in Scientific Reports in 2026 and detailed by lead researchers Dr. Emma Pomeroy and Professor Graeme Barker. 1 While the evidence points to lethal violence, the study also highlights signs of compassion within early human societies. 1 Healed injuries on the individual’s teeth and bones indicate that he received long-term care from companions for at least one year prior to his death. 1
The discovery contributes to broader discussions regarding Neanderthal behavior, particularly concerning symbolic burial practices. 1 Archaeologists noted that five Neanderthal remains found within the cave were clustered in a small space measuring 1.5 by 1 by 1 meter, a configuration that hints at intentional interment and the possible return to specific sites for burial. 1
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