秋冬流感季开启，专家称现阶段接种疫苗仍有效

中国疾控中心数据显示，近期全国流感活动明显抬升，秋冬流感流行季已逐渐开启1。截至10月25日这一周，全国共报告145起流感样病例暴发疫情，比前一周的28例成倍增加1。目前流行的毒株以甲流为主，呈现多毒株共同活跃、流行节奏前移的特点1。在甲流阳性样本中，甲型H3N2占比67.2%，甲型H1N1占比从约16%上升到32.8%1。

首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院感染综合科主任医师李侗曾与北京协和医学院群医学及公共卫生学院副院长冯录召等专家指出，我国流感高发期一般是11月到次年3月，疫苗接种最佳时机是9、10月份1。尽管现在可能已错过最佳接种时间，但在整个流感季内接种仍有效，应遵循“早打比晚打好，晚打比不打要好”的原则1。打完疫苗之后要2到4周才能产生比较好的保护作用1。

根据《中国流感疫苗预防接种技术指南(2026—2027)》，本年度推荐三种疫苗组分：三价裂解疫苗、三价亚单位疫苗和三价减毒活疫苗1。其中，三价裂解和亚单位疫苗适用于6月龄及以上人群；三价减毒活疫苗适用于3到17岁人群1。对于高风险人群，在暴露后可考虑使用奥司他韦进行药物预防，一般一天吃一次，连续用七天1。

China’s Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have reported a significant uptick in national influenza activity, signaling the commencement of the autumn-winter flu season 1. Data from the week ending October 25 revealed that nationwide reports of flu-like case outbreaks surged to 145, a multiple increase from the 28 cases recorded in the preceding week 1. The current circulating strains are predominantly Influenza A, with the H3N2 subtype accounting for 67.2% of positive samples 1. Meanwhile, the proportion of Influenza A(H1N1) has risen sharply from approximately 16% to 32.8%, indicating a pattern of multiple active strains and an accelerated epidemic timeline 1.

Although September and October are traditionally considered the optimal months for vaccination—aligning with the typical high-incidence period from November through March—the experts emphasize that receiving shots later in the season remains effective 1. Li Dongzeng, chief physician of the Infection Comprehensive Department at Beijing Youan Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University, and Feng Luzhao, deputy dean of the School of Population Medicine and Public Health at Peking Union Medical College, advise adhering to the principle that "earlier is better than later, and later is better than never" 1. It takes two to four weeks post-vaccination for individuals to develop robust protective immunity 1. According to the Technical Guidelines for Influenza Vaccine Prevention and Immunization in China (2026–2027), three types of vaccines are recommended this year: trivalent split vaccine, trivalent subunit vaccine, and trivalent live attenuated vaccine 1. The first two are suitable for individuals aged six months and older, while the live attenuated version is designated for those between 3 and 17 years old 1.

For high-risk groups exposed to the virus, medical professionals suggest considering oseltamivir for pharmaceutical prophylaxis, typically administered once daily for seven consecutive days 1.