美俄互投否决票 西撒哈拉维和任务濒临终止

2026年10月31日，美国与俄罗斯在联合国安理会就延长西撒哈拉维和特派团（MINURSO）授权一事互相行使否决权，导致这一维持了三十多年的维和任务面临终止 1。若无新的授权通过，该任务将在一天后正式到期 1。

双方提出的决议草案存在显著分歧。美方草案主张将任务期限延长一年，确立摩洛哥的自治计划为唯一谈判基础，并提议将任务更名为MINUSO（去除代表公投的字母“R”），同时削减其军事组成部分 1。该草案最终获得11票赞成、3票弃权，但遭到俄罗斯一票否决 1。对此，美国驻联合国代表迈克尔·沃尔茨表示：“不幸的是，安理会部分成员利用否决权来保留任务名称中代表公投的字母‘R’……” 1。

俄方则提出按原有条款续签一年的草案，旨在保留“MINURSO”的名称及公投选项 1。这一提案随后被美国一票否决 1。俄罗斯常驻联合国代表瓦西里·涅边贾批评称：“安理会不能为这种单方面做法开绿灯。” 1

针对此次投票结果，相关各方反应不一。摩洛哥方面欢迎维和任务的失败，而波利萨里奥阵线则感谢俄罗斯维护了其自决权 1。

The United Nations peacekeeping mission in Western Sahara, MINURSO, faces imminent expiration after the United States and Russia mutually vetoed competing draft resolutions to extend its mandate on October 31, 2026 1. The dual vetoes leave the operation, established in 1991 to monitor the ceasefire between Morocco and the Polisario Front, without new authorization as it reaches its current deadline, with only one day remaining before termination if no further action is taken 1.

Washington’s proposal sought a one-year extension that would rename the mission MINUSO by dropping the “R” for referendum, establish Morocco’s autonomy plan as the sole basis for negotiations, and reduce the mission’s military component 1. Although this draft received 11 votes in favor and three abstentions, Russia cast the single veto required to block it 1. Russian Permanent Representative Vassily Nebenzia condemned the move, stating, "The Security Council must not give a blessing to such a one-sided approach" 1. Conversely, the Russian draft proposed renewing the mission under its original terms for one year, retaining the name MINURSO and preserving the option of a referendum, but was vetoed by the United States 1. U.S. Permanent Representative Michael Waltz criticized Moscow’s stance, noting, "Unfortunately, some members of this Council have used their veto to preserve the letter 'R' for referendum in the mission's name..." 1.

Reactions from local stakeholders diverged sharply following the diplomatic deadlock. Morocco welcomed the failure to extend the mission under previous conditions, while the Polisario Front expressed gratitude toward Russia for defending its right to self-determination through the vote 1.