2026年1月，印度和欧盟签署安全与防御伙伴关系 1。同年3月，双方举行首次正式安全与防御对话 1。上个月，在布鲁塞尔举行了第五轮海上安全对话 1。目前，双方的合作主要集中在双边层面以及海上安全、技术转让等具体领域，而非建立共同的安全保护伞 1。
法国因在留尼汪岛和马约特岛的军事存在，被视为印度在印度洋战区的重要合作伙伴 1。德国、西班牙、意大利和波兰已成为印度的重要防务伙伴 1。前印度驻法大使Mohan Kumar指出，乌克兰冲突分散了欧洲的精力，限制了其扩展在印太角色的能力 1。专家警告，紧密的防务联系不等于共享的战略视野 1。
尽管签署了相关协议并举行多次对话，但欧盟内部的分歧阻碍了形成统一的欧洲安全战略 1。印度仍严重依赖俄罗斯的装备和技术，这与欧洲对俄立场形成矛盾 1。此外，欧盟视中国为“系统性对手”，但成员国在平衡对华经济关系与安全关切上存在分歧 1。
The European Union and India are deepening their security and defense dialogue in the Indo-Pacific region. This engagement is marked by the signing of a security and defense partnership in January 2026 1, followed by the first formal security and defense dialogues in March 2026 1. Most recently, the fifth round of maritime security talks was held in Brussels last month 1. Despite these advancements, experts warn that close defense ties do not automatically translate into a shared strategic vision 1.
Structural challenges hinder the formation of a unified European security strategy for the region. Former Indian Ambassador to France Mohan Kumar stated that the conflict in Ukraine has diverted European resources, limiting the continent's capacity to expand its role in the Indo-Pacific 1. Additionally, internal disagreements within the EU regarding China complicate collective action; while the bloc views Beijing as a "systemic rival," member states differ on how to balance economic relationships with security concerns 1. Consequently, cooperation remains concentrated at bilateral levels and in specific areas such as maritime security and technology transfer, rather than establishing a common security umbrella 1.
Individual member states are driving practical partnerships based on their own strategic priorities. France is considered a key partner for India in the Indian Ocean theater due to its military presence in Réunion and Mayotte 1, while Germany, Spain, Italy, and Poland have also emerged as significant defense partners for New Delhi 1. However, India’s continued heavy reliance on Russian equipment and technology creates friction with Europe’s stance toward Moscow, further complicating the alignment of interests between the two sides 1.
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