美国财政部近日对卢旺达国防部及其关联金融机构Zigama Credit and Savings Society银行实施制裁，理由是卢旺达向刚果民主共和国东部的反政府武装M23提供支持 1。美国财政部长斯科特·贝森特（Scott Bessent）明确要求卢旺达停止对M23的援助并从刚果（金）东部撤军 1。美方指控卢旺达为该武装提供武器、装备、后勤支援及军事训练，并指出卢旺达出口的矿产数量超过其本国产量 1。此举旨在迫使卢旺达履行此前由美国斡旋签署的《华盛顿协议》条款，尽管双方已于2025年12月达成和平共识 1。
自2025年初以来，M23武装已占领包括戈马（Goma）和布卡武（Bukavu）在内的多个城市，并控制了南基伍省的金矿以及北基伍省的Rubaya钶钽铁矿 1。对此，卢旺达政府发言人约兰德·马科洛（Yolande Makolo）否认了相关指控，她强调刚果（金）方面并未履行解除FDLR民兵组织的承诺 1。这并非美国近期首次针对卢旺达采取制裁措施，早在2026年3月，美方已制裁卢旺达军队及四名高级指挥官；随后在2026年6月，又对Gasabo黄金精炼厂等三家企业实施了限制 1。此外，政治压力也波及商业领域，美国参议员杰夫·默克利（Jeff Merkley）和玛莎·布莱克本（Marsha Blackburn）致信NBA总裁亚当·西尔弗（Adam Silver），质疑联盟与卢旺达之间的商业合作关系 1。
The United States Treasury has imposed sanctions on Rwanda's defence ministry and the Zigama Credit and Savings Society bank, citing Kigali’s alleged support for the M23 rebel group in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). 1 Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent demanded that Rwanda cease its backing of the rebels and withdraw its forces from DRC territory. 1
Allegations and Background
US authorities accuse Rwanda of providing weapons, equipment, logistics, and training to the M23 faction. 1 The statement further claims that Rwanda exports more minerals than it produces domestically. 1 These allegations arise amidst conflict escalation since early 2025, during which M23 fighters captured major cities including Goma and Bukavu, as well as gold mines in South Kivu Province and columbite-tantalite deposits in Rubaya, North Kivu Province. 1
This move follows the signing of the Washington Accords in December 2025, a peace agreement brokered by the US intended to resolve tensions between the two nations. 1 Despite this framework, previous punitive measures have included March 2026 sanctions against the Rwandan military and four senior commanders, as well as June 2026 restrictions on three companies, such as the Gasabo gold refinery. 1
Reactions and External Pressures
Rwandan government spokesperson Yolande Makolo rejected the accusations, arguing that the DRC failed to honor its commitment to disarm the FDLR militia under the peace terms. 1 Meanwhile, US Senators Jeff Merkley and Marsha Blackburn sent a letter to NBA Commissioner Adam Silver, questioning the league’s commercial ties with Rwanda. 1
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