据德国之声报道，围绕俄罗斯“影子舰队”的国际制裁局势出现新动态。数据显示，该舰队目前占全球油轮运力的近19% 1。特朗普政府被曝正考虑解除部分相关船只的制裁，意在缓解创纪录的全球运费压力 1。对此，美国能源部长克里斯·赖特（Chris Wright）公开否认全面移除制裁，他辩称此举是将“黑暗油轮”转化为合法运输工具，仅允许其承运非受制裁石油 1。此外，本月特朗普与普京达成一项协议，允许俄罗斯柴油重新进入全球市场，分析认为这是为了在11月3日中期选举前压低美国国内油价 1。
若美国削弱制裁效力，欧盟能否独自维持对俄施压成为关注焦点。专家指出，放松制裁将损害整体制裁体系的有效性，可能为俄罗斯提供资金以持续攻击乌克兰 1。尽管面临挑战，欧盟仍具备利用航运保险监管和关键航道检查权来执行制裁的手段，例如要求经过其水域的油轮持有合法保险，或在丹麦海峡等节点对船只进行检查 1。然而，这一路径并非没有风险，俄罗斯已发出警告，若欧洲国家扣押涉嫌参与“影子舰队”的船只，俄方将采取报复措施扣押欧洲船只 1。
Reports indicate that the Trump administration is considering easing sanctions on Russia’s "shadow fleet" to combat record-high global freight rates. 1 According to data from S&P Global, this shadow fleet currently accounts for nearly 19% of the world's tanker capacity. 1 The proposed relaxation comes after President Trump reached an agreement with Vladimir Putin this month to allow Russian diesel into global markets, a move viewed as an effort to lower domestic oil prices ahead of the November 3 midterm elections. 1 While reports suggest the administration may remove certain vessels from sanction lists, US Energy Secretary Chris Wright denied these plans, stating instead that the goal is to convert "dark tankers" into legal entities restricted to transporting non-sanctioned crude. 1 Experts warn that such policy shifts could undermine the effectiveness of the broader sanctions regime and increase revenues available to Moscow to continue its military operations in Ukraine. 1
If the United States weakens its enforcement stance, the European Union faces the challenge of maintaining pressure independently through its control over maritime insurance and Baltic Sea access points. 1 Brussels could enforce compliance by requiring tankers transiting its waters to carry legitimate insurance policies or by inspecting vessels passing through critical chokepoints like the Danish Straits. 1 However, unilateral EU action risks deepening strategic divisions with Washington and provoking retaliation from Moscow, which has threatened to seize European ships if their own vessels suspected of operating within the shadow fleet are detained by European authorities. 1
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