全球最富裕的0.1%人口（约800万人）产生的碳污染总量超过了世界上最贫穷的35亿人的总和1。乐施会在COP31峰会前夕发布的最新报告指出，这一极端不平等现象不仅加剧了气候崩溃，还揭示了超级富豪从灾害救援和重建中获利的现实，而普通民众则独自承受洪水、火灾等灾难后果1。乐施会国际执行董事Amitabh Behar表示：“这是极度不平等的罪行，而非共同命运的悲剧。”1乐施会呼吁政府在COP31上实施永久性财富和所得税、化石燃料公司税以及对私人飞机等高排放奢侈品的惩罚性税收1。
数据显示，自1990年以来，最富有的1%人群造成了全球20%的变暖，其人均排放量是最贫困一半人口的100倍1。具体而言，该群体对极端热浪的贡献是底层50%人群的近400倍，且仅私人飞机在2秒内的碳排放量就相当于底层50%人口一年的排放量1。预计在最富有1%人群一年的排放影响下，将导致190万例与高温相关的超额死亡，其中78%发生在低收入和中低收入国家；此外，他们的排放预计在2050年前造成近53万亿美元的经济损失1。
为揭露气候灾难中的商业投机行为，乐施会推出了新的“破坏与重建指数”，识别出217家既投资化石燃料又参与灾后重建获利的公司1。贝莱德（BlackRock）和先锋领航（Vanguard）投资于该指数中92%的公司，总投资额超过1万亿美元1。随着全球灾害恢复市场预计将从700亿美元增长至2029年的每年920亿美元，乐施会要求终止这种从灾难中牟利的模式1。
Oxfam has released a new report revealing that the world's richest 0.1%, comprising approximately eight million people, generate more carbon pollution than the combined total of the poorest 3.5 billion 1. The findings highlight extreme disparities in climate impact, noting that individuals within this ultra-wealthy demographic contribute to extreme heatwaves nearly 400 times more than those in the bottom 50% of the population 1. Additionally, the wealthiest 1% are responsible for 20% of global warming since 1990, with per capita emissions 100 times higher than those of the poorest half of humanity 1.
The consequences of these emissions are severe and disproportionately affect vulnerable nations. Annual emissions from the richest 1% are projected to cause 1.9 million excess deaths related to high temperatures, with 78% of these fatalities occurring in low- and middle-income countries 1. Economic damages linked to their emissions are estimated to reach nearly $53 trillion by 2050 1. Illustrating the scale of individual luxury consumption, the report states that private jets emit as much carbon in two seconds as an entire year’s worth of emissions from someone in the bottom 50% 1. Oxfam International Executive Director Amitabh Behar characterized the situation not as a shared tragedy, but as "a crime of extreme inequality" 1.
Beyond driving climate breakdown, the report alleges that wealthy investors profit from the resulting disasters through what Oxfam terms the "Destroy & Rebuild Index," which identifies 217 companies involved in both fossil fuel investment and post-disaster reconstruction 1. Major asset managers BlackRock and Vanguard hold investments in 92% of these firms, totaling over $1 trillion 1. As the global disaster recovery market is expected to grow from $70 billion to $92 billion annually by 2029, Oxfam is urging governments at COP31 to implement permanent wealth and income taxes, levy taxes on fossil fuel companies, and impose punitive taxes on high-emission luxuries like private jets 1.
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