2026年10月28日，西班牙托莱多省附近发生两列高速列车相撞事故，造成至少68人死亡、超过100人受伤 13。涉事的两列列车均行驶在马德里至塞维利亚线路上，国有运营商Renfe的一列高速列车追尾了因信号故障已停车的私有运营商Iryo的高速列车 12。事故发生后，西班牙首相佩德罗·桑切斯宣布自10月29日起进行为期三天的全国哀悼 13。欧盟委员会降半旗致哀，除极右翼Vox党外，西班牙主要政党取消竞选活动，西班牙足协也暂停了24场国王杯比赛 1。
初步调查显示，事故直接原因涉及计算机错误导致的信号系统故障 13。位于乌拉达站的控制系统失效导致长达63公里的路段失去控制，尽管所有列车本应停止，调度员在8:36仍指示Renfe列车“正常”继续行驶 1。西班牙交通部长Óscar Puente称这一事件为“不可能发生的”，并指出事故源于计算机错误导致信号故障后调度员仍允许列车继续行驶 12。关于伤亡细节，来源存在差异：有报道指出车上共有约540人，其中至少107人住院（含18名危重患者） 1；另一来源具体列出Renfe列车载有397名乘客，Iryo列车载有147名乘客 2。
此次灾难是自2013年以来欧盟境内最严重的铁路事故 1。值得注意的是，这已是西班牙今年第二起致命高铁事故，此前1月在科尔多瓦附近的Adamuz曾发生过致死46人的脱轨相撞事故 12。西班牙自1992年高铁开通以来曾长期无致命事故记录，此次连环悲剧加剧了公众对铁路安全及监管措施的质疑与问责压力 12。
At least 68 people have died and more than 100 others were injured following a collision between two high-speed trains in the Toledo province of Spain on the morning of October 28, 2026. 13 The disaster, which occurred on the Madrid-Seville line near the town of Urda in the Castilla-La Mancha region, is considered the worst railway accident in the European Union since 2013. 1 Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez has declared three days of national mourning starting October 29 to honor the victims. 13
The crash involved a state-owned Renfe train rear-ending a private Iryo train that had come to a stop due to a signal failure. 1 According to initial reports, a computer error caused the control system at Urda station to fail, leaving a 63-kilometer section uncontrolled; despite this, dispatchers instructed the Renfe train to proceed "normally" at 08:36, even though all trains should have stopped. 1 Traffic Minister Óscar Puente described the incident as "impossible," noting that the Renfe train carried approximately 397 passengers while the Iryo train held around 147, with a total of about 540 people on board the affected services. 12 Of those hospitalized, at least 107 required care, including 18 in critical condition. 1
Passengers described harrowing scenes of destruction. Roberto Gómez recounted finding suitcases scattered among completely destroyed carriages, while Rafael Barcelo, who was in the most severely damaged seventh carriage, counted eight victims within his compartment alone. 2 This tragedy follows a similar fatal derailment and collision near Córdoba in January 2026 that killed 46 people, marking the second deadly high-speed rail accident in Spain this year. 12 In response to the crisis, major political parties except for the far-right Vox have canceled campaign activities, King Felipe VI returned to Madrid from military training, and the Royal Spanish Football Federation suspended 24 Copa del Rey matches. 1 The European Commission also lowered its flags to half-staff in tribute. 1
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