科学家研究发现，自2016年以来南极海冰的快速减少，导致南大洋从2300到4000英尺深的广大区域出现盐度急剧增加 1。这一变化在短短几年内逆转了该海域长达数十年的海水淡化趋势，其速度远超以往通常与千年尺度全球气候变化相关的海洋变化 1。
受影响的“南极中间水”层（Antarctic Intermediate Water）向北扩散至印度洋、太平洋和大西洋，并将热量、碳、氧气和营养物质输送至热带甚至跨赤道地区 1。这一快速变化的发现对全球热量、碳、氧气和营养物质的传输具有潜在深远影响 1。合著者 Bishakhdatta Gayen 来自墨尔本大学和印度班加罗尔大气与海洋科学中心 1。
Scientists have identified a sharp rise in salinity within the deep waters of the Southern Ocean, a phenomenon linked to the rapid decline of Antarctic sea ice that began in 2016 1. This increase is occurring across a vast vertical range, specifically between depths of 2,300 and 4,000 feet, effectively reversing decades of gradual desalination trends in the region 1. The pace of this change is unprecedented, as it has unfolded over just a few years, whereas similar oceanic shifts are typically associated with climate variations spanning thousands of years 1.
The affected water mass, known as Antarctic Intermediate Water, plays a critical role in global circulation by transporting heat, carbon, oxygen, and nutrients northward into the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans 1. Bishakhdatta Gayen, a co-author of the study affiliated with the University of Melbourne and the Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences in Bangalore, India, highlights the significance of these findings 1. Because this layer extends its influence toward tropical regions and even crosses the equator, the sudden alteration in its properties poses potential far-reaching consequences for global climate systems 1.
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