2026年10月27日，在担忧美国与以色列发动新袭击的背景下，由巴基斯坦、沙特阿拉伯和土耳其组成的“麦加防务协定”高级代表访问伊朗首都德黑兰 2。此次外交接触的主要目的是通过对话渠道避免新的军事冲突升级，同时也被视为对伊朗的一种警告 12。参与会晤的三方代表包括巴基斯坦陆军参谋长阿西姆·穆尼尔、沙特国防大臣哈立德·本·萨勒曼以及土耳其情报局长易卜拉欣·卡林，他们会见了伊朗总统佩泽希齐扬 2。
双方讨论的核心议题涵盖建立区域互不侵犯网络、美伊谈判前景、胡塞武装对沙特的袭击威胁、霍尔木兹海峡局势以及美国实施的海上封锁问题 2。尽管各方均强调对话的重要性，但并未宣布具体的突破性成果 2。伊朗最高国家安全委员会秘书莫赫森·雷扎伊形容会谈氛围为“非常积极”，而分析师巴巴克·多尔贝基则指出，麦加协定的主要意图在于威慑而非发动进攻性战争 2。
此外，相关背景显示埃及议会已同意向沙特提供军事援助 2。与此同时，伊朗总统佩泽希齐扬此前赴莫斯科参加天然气出口国论坛并会见俄罗斯总统普京，加上伊朗与卡塔尔领导人的接触，表明德黑兰方面正努力证明其并未在国际社会中陷入孤立 2。
Senior representatives from the alliance of Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey visited Tehran to meet with Iranian President Pezeshkian. 12 This diplomatic contact by the so-called "Mecca defense pact" aims to prevent new military escalation amid concerns about potential strikes by the United States and Israel. 12 While officially framed as a peace initiative, the engagement is also interpreted as a warning to Iran. 1 The delegation included Pakistani Army Chief Asim Munir, Saudi Defense Minister Khalid bin Salman, and Turkish Intelligence Head Ibrahim Kalin. 2
Agenda Focuses on Regional Security and De-escalation
The talks centered on establishing a regional network of non-aggression, U.S.-Iran negotiations, Houthi attacks on Saudi Arabia, and the situation in the Strait of Hormuz involving a U.S. naval blockade. 2 Mohsen Rezaei, Secretary of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council, described the atmosphere of the meeting as "very positive." 2 Analyst Babak Dolbeiki noted that the primary objective of the Mecca pact was deterrence rather than launching an offensive war. 2 No specific breakthroughs were announced, though all parties emphasized the importance of dialogue. 2
Broader Diplomatic Context
In parallel developments, Egypt’s parliament agreed to provide military aid to Saudi Arabia. 2 Additionally, Iranian President Pezeshkian attended the Gas Exporting Countries Forum in Moscow and met with Russian President Vladimir Putin. 2 These interactions indicate that Iran remains engaged with other international leaders and is not isolated. 2
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