1976年,文本编辑器 Emacs 首次在麻省理工学院人工智能实验室的早期视频终端上运行 1。这一工具催生了早期的软件共享社区 1,并直接促成了现代自由软件运动和 GNU/Linux 操作系统的诞生 1。尽管苹果等公司曾将其集成或商业化,但 Emacs 的核心精神和命令集至今仍深刻影响着操作系统和软件开发领域 1。
Emacs 倡导开放共享的精神在1981年的手册中得到明确体现:“EMACS 不收取任何费用;相反,你正在加入 EMACS 软件共享公社。” 1。这种从免费向付费软件转变的趋势,最终促使理查德·M·斯托曼发起一项计划,旨在创建一个由用户自由分享和改进的操作系统,即著名的 GNU 项目 1。
当苹果公司于2001年推出 Mac OS X 时,GNU Emacs 被包含其中 1。苹果公司已于2019年停止预装 GNU Emacs 1,但目前仍保留有一个名为 mg(“Micro GNU Emacs”)的程序 1。
The text editor EMACS first ran on early video terminals at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Artificial Intelligence Laboratory in 1976 1. Its origins lie in this pioneering era, with a development trajectory that ultimately catalyzed the modern free software movement and the creation of the GNU/Linux operating system 1.
Richard M. Stallman underscored the collaborative ethos of the project in the 1981 manual, stating, "EMACS does not cost anything; instead, you are joining the EMACS software-sharing commune" 1. This philosophy stood in contrast to the industry shift toward paid software, which prompted Stallman to launch the GNU Project 1. He modeled this effort as an initiative to create an operating system that could be freely shared and improved by its users 1.
Although Apple Inc. included GNU Emacs when it launched Mac OS X in 2001, the company stopped shipping the editor in 2019 1. Despite this discontinuation, Apple maintains a program called mg, or “Micro GNU Emacs” 1.
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