马克斯·普朗克化学生态研究所的研究团队于2026年10月28日发表最新发现，揭示欧洲常见的火蝾螈在紫外线照射下会发出绿色和青色的隐秘荧光 1。这一现象主要源于该物种的皮肤腺体及其有毒分泌物，相关研究结果已刊登在《皇家学会开放科学》（Royal Society Open Science）期刊上 1。值得注意的是，这些含有毒素的分泌物即便离开身体后，仍能持续发光超过24小时 1。
尽管生物荧光的物理特性已被记录，但其具体的生物学功能目前尚不明确 1。研究人员推测，这种发光机制可能涉及同类间的通讯交流，或作为对捕食者的额外警告信号 1。巴塞罗那自然科学博物馆研究员、论文第一作者伯纳特·布里尔（Bernat Burriel）指出，导致荧光的特定化合物身份仍在研究中，这可能是一种此前在该物种中未知的分子 1。此外，被世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）列为“易危”物种的火蝾螈，其这一独特生理特征为理解两栖动物的适应性提供了新的视角 1。
A research team from the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology has discovered that European fire salamanders emit a secret green and cyan glow when exposed to ultraviolet light 1. This bioluminescent phenomenon is primarily generated by the animals' skin glands and their toxic secretions, which continue to glow for more than 24 hours even after leaving the body 1. The study was published in Royal Society Open Science in May 2026 1.
Bernat Burriel, a researcher at the Natural Sciences Museum of Barcelona, served as the first author of the study 1. While the visual effect is distinct, its biological function remains unclear 1. Scientists hypothesize that the glow may serve as a communication signal among conspecifics or act as an additional warning display to potential predators 1. Currently, the specific chemical compounds responsible for this luminescence have not been identified; researchers suspect they may be molecules previously unknown in this species 1. This discovery adds complexity to the understanding of fire salamanders, a species currently listed as "Vulnerable" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) 1.
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