第三届俄罗斯-非洲峰会于10月28日至29日在莫斯科举行，旨在加强双边关系并寻求非洲国家支持 1。尽管2025年俄罗斯与所有54个非洲国家的总贸易额约为270亿美元，仅占其对外贸易的3.9%，远低于欧盟（约3850亿美元）、中国（超过3480亿美元）和美国（近1050亿美元）同期的贸易规模，但莫斯科正通过粮食化肥供应及核能项目扩大在该地区的影响力 1。
埃及被视为俄罗斯在非洲最重要的合作伙伴，2025年两国双边贸易额达到105亿美元 1。作为战略合作的一部分，俄罗斯正在埃及埃尔达巴地区建设大型核电站，该项目由俄方提供250亿美元贷款资助，覆盖了约85%的成本 1。此外，俄罗斯外长谢尔盖·拉夫罗夫频繁访问非洲，发言人扎哈罗娃将此描述为“历史性回归” 1。
在安全领域，俄罗斯的军事存在已从瓦格纳集团转变为受俄罗斯国防部控制的“非洲军团”，目前在中非共和国、马里和利比亚拥有最大规模的部署 1。根据SIPRI数据，2021至2025年间，俄罗斯对非洲武器出口的市场份额为15%，位居第三；而在前一周期（2020–2024年），该份额曾高达21%并位列第一 1。
The third Russia-Africa summit was held in Moscow on October 28 and 29, underscoring the Kremlin's efforts to strengthen ties with African nations amid ongoing geopolitical challenges 1. While Russia is not a leading trade partner for Africa, its total trade volume with the 54 African countries stood at approximately $27 billion in 2025, accounting for just 3.9% of Russia’s foreign trade 1. This contrasts sharply with Africa’s trade figures for the same year: roughly $385 billion with the European Union, over $348 billion with China, and nearly $105 billion with the United States 1.
Moscow aims to leverage these relationships to counter Western isolation at the United Nations and secure access to key mineral resources 1. Egypt remains Russia’s most significant partner on the continent, with bilateral trade reaching $10.5 billion (€9.4 billion) in 2025 1. A central component of this partnership is a large nuclear power plant currently under construction in Egypt’s El-Dabaa region, financed by a $25 billion loan from Russia that covers about 85% of the project’s costs 1.
In the security sector, Russian mercenary operations have transitioned from the Wagner Group to the "Africa Corps," which now operates under the control of the Russian Ministry of Defense 1. The Africa Corps maintains its largest military presence in the Central African Republic, Mali, and Libya 1. According to SIPRI data, Russia’s share of arms exports to Africa was 15% during the 2021–2025 period, placing it third; this represents a decline from the 2020–2024 period, when Russia held a 21% market share and ranked first 1. Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov has made frequent visits to African nations, a move described by Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Maria Zakharova as a "historic return" 1.
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