2026年10月8日，国家卫生健康委与国家发展改革委在北京联合印发《医疗康复护理扩容提升工程实施方案》，旨在解决当前康复照护资源供给不足及服务体系不连贯的问题 1。该方案确立了明确的发展目标，力争到2030年基本建成功能完备、上下联动、中西医结合且高效可及的服务体系 1。为实现这一目标，政策原则上支持每个省份至少建设1个康复或护理临床重点专科，并致力于完善相关的技术规范与质量标准 1。
在人才队伍建设方面，方案提出扩大招生规模并办好康复大学，同时支持其他专业医师经转岗培训合格后注册为康复医师，并要求薪酬待遇向康复护理人员倾斜 1。针对医保支付方式的改革也是核心举措之一，包括将疗效确切的项目纳入医保支付范围，实行短期住院按病种付费，探索长期住院按床日付费，并落实上门服务费政策 1。部分地方已开展试点以验证不同模式的效果，例如江苏采用DRG/DIP结合按床日的模式，黑龙江实行“15天内DRG/DIP+超15天按床日”的分段模式，而青岛在对7个康复病种推行床日付费后，平均住院日从17.23天延长至21.97天 1。专家指出，此举标志着健康理念从单纯的“治病”向“恢复功能、提高生活质量”转变，并通过差异化付费和基层能力建设来缓解家庭照护压力 1。
On October 8, 2026, the National Health Commission (NHC) and the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) jointly issued the "Implementation Plan for the Expansion and Enhancement Project of Medical Rehabilitation and Nursing Care" in Beijing 1. The initiative aims to address the shortage of rehabilitation and care resources and the lack of coherence within the existing service system 1. By targeting a basic completion date of 2030, the plan seeks to establish a service network that is functionally complete, vertically integrated, combines traditional Chinese and Western medicine, and is highly accessible and efficient 1.
Key measures include supporting each province in establishing at least one clinical specialty department focused on rehabilitation or nursing, while also refining technical specifications and quality standards 1. To bolster workforce capacity, the plan mandates expanding enrollment sizes and improving rehabilitation universities 1. It further allows physicians from other specialties to register as rehabilitation doctors after passing conversion training, with salary structures adjusted to favor rehabilitation nurses 1. On the financing side, effective treatment items will be included in medical insurance payments, with short-term hospitalizations covered by disease-based payment models and long-term stays exploring per-diem payments 1. Policies regarding home visit service fees will also be implemented 1.
Experts interpret this move as a shift in health philosophy from merely treating diseases to restoring functionality and improving quality of life 1. They highlight that differentiated payment methods and strengthened grassroots capabilities are designed to alleviate the burden on families providing care 1. Several local pilot programs have already tested these mechanisms; Jiangsu has adopted a combination of DRG/DIP and per-diem models, while Heilongjiang uses a segmented approach involving DRG/DIP for the first 15 days and per-diem payments thereafter 1. In Qingdao, following the implementation of per-diem payments for seven rehabilitation-specific conditions, the average length of stay increased from 17.23 days to 21.97 days 1.
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