哈佛-史密森尼天体物理中心（Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian）的研究团队近日发布了名为“Lumina”的模拟项目，旨在重现大爆炸后最初20亿年的宇宙演化过程1。这项被描述为迄今最大且最详细的早期宇宙模拟研究，由主要作者Oliver Zier和Aaron Smith等人完成，相关成果已发表于《皇家天文学会月报》（Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society）1。该模型的核心突破在于首次在超大体积的模拟中同时追踪氢和氦的电离过程（reionization），通过模拟普通物质、暗物质及辐射之间的相互作用，为理解星系形成提供了新的视角1。
为了支撑这一高精度计算，研究团队使用了位于田纳西州橡树岭国家实验室的Frontier超级计算机，调用超过15,000个GPU进行运算1。“Lumina”模拟覆盖了一个边长约15亿光年的立方体区域，其范围比早期的类似项目扩大了100倍以上1。开发该模型的目的是为了协助科学家解读詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜（JWST）和南希·罗曼太空望远镜的观测数据，从而修正现有的宇宙理论并提供强有力的分析工具1。
Astronomers from the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian have developed "Lumina," the largest and most detailed simulation to date of the early universe, effectively recreating its evolution during the first two billion years after the Big Bang 1. The project, led by primary contributor Oliver Zier with Aaron Smith, was published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society on October 27, 2026 1. Lumina is designed to help scientists interpret observational data collected by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the Nancy Roman Space Telescope, serving as a powerful tool for understanding galaxy formation and refining existing cosmological theories 1.
The simulation covers a cubic volume approximately 1.5 billion light-years on each side, which represents a coverage area more than 100 times larger than that of similar early universe projects 1. To achieve this scale, the team utilized the Frontier supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee, employing over 15,000 GPUs to model the complex interactions between ordinary matter, dark matter, and radiation 1. A key breakthrough of the Lumina project is that it is the first ultra-large-volume simulation to simultaneously track the ionization processes of both hydrogen and helium 1.
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